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Marigold carotenoids: Much more than lutein esters. | LitMetric

Marigold carotenoids: Much more than lutein esters.

Food Res Int

Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas-SP, Campinas 13083-862, Brazil. Electronic address:

Published: May 2019

AI Article Synopsis

Article Abstract

Carotenoids constitute a large group of lipophilic pigments whose health-promoting benefits have been widely recognized. Hydroxy-containing carotenoids can be found in both free form or esterified with fatty acids in several plant matrices, but the native carotenoid profile is overall poorly explored due to the difficulty of analyzing carotenoid esters. One of the main natural sources of carotenoids is the marigold flower, which has been extensively used by the industry for the production of food colorants or supplements, both often manufactured with no saponification process. Although lutein esters are well established as the major compounds naturally found in marigold petals and their products, carotenoid esters other than the lutein ones have not been extensively examined. We carried out a comprehensive identification of carotenoids and carotenoid esters from marigold petals by LC-DAD-(APCI+)MS/MS. Whereas 18 carotenoids were identified in the saponified extract, 56 were identified when no saponification procedure was carried out: 6 free carotenoids, 20 monoesters and 30 diesters. This is the first time that esters of zeaxanthin, violaxanthin, auroxanthin, zeinoxanthin and β-cryptoxanthin are identified in marigold. The structural information obtained through characteristic fragmentation patterns and diagnostic fragments in MS and MS/MS spectra (APCI+) sustained the differentiation between carotenoid esters with similar characteristics. Therefore, the separation of carotenoids by reversed-phase liquid chromatography using C columns in combination with DAD and APCI-MS/MS detection allowed high sensitivity and selectivity for carotenoid ester analysis.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2018.10.043DOI Listing

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