Simple Evaluation of Pathogenesis Using Animal Model.

is a major cause of serious foodborne illness in the dairy foods. Although model is well established as a virulence model of pathogenic bacteria, its application on is critically unclear. The objective of this study was to carry out an evaluation of toxicity using nematode as a simple host model. We found that nematodes have high susceptibility to infection, as a consequence of accumulation of bacteria in the worms' intestine. However, , which is known to be non-toxic, is not accumulate in the intestine of worms and is not toxic similarly to OP50 known as the normal feed source of . Importantly, immune-associated genes of were intensely upregulated more than 3.0-fold when they exposed to . In conclusion, we established that is an effective model for studying the toxicity of and we anticipate that this system will result in the discovery of many potential anti-listeria agents for dairy foods.