A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: file_get_contents(https://...@gmail.com&api_key=61f08fa0b96a73de8c900d749fcb997acc09): Failed to open stream: HTTP request failed! HTTP/1.1 429 Too Many Requests

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 143

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 143
Function: file_get_contents

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 209
Function: simplexml_load_file_from_url

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3098
Function: getPubMedXML

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: Attempt to read property "Count" on bool

Filename: helpers/my_audit_helper.php

Line Number: 3100

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/application/helpers/my_audit_helper.php
Line: 3100
Function: _error_handler

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 574
Function: pubMedSearch_Global

File: /var/www/html/application/controllers/Detail.php
Line: 488
Function: pubMedGetRelatedKeyword

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

Combining vascular targeting and the local first pass provides 100-fold higher uptake of ICAM-1-targeted vs untargeted nanocarriers in the inflamed brain. | LitMetric

New advances in intra-arterial (IA) catheters offer clinically proven local interventions in the brain. Here we tested the effect of combining local IA delivery and vascular immunotargeting. Microinjection of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) in the brain parenchyma causes cerebral overexpression of Inter-Cellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) in mice. Systemic intravenous injection of ICAM-1 antibody (anti-ICAM-1) and anti-ICAM-1/liposomes provided nearly an order of magnitude higher uptake in the inflamed vs normal brain (from ~0.1 to 0.8%ID/g for liposomes). Local injection of anti-ICAM-1 and anti-ICAM-1/liposomes via carotid artery catheter provided an additional respective 2-fold and 5-fold elevation of uptake in the inflamed brain vs levels attained by IV injection. The uptake in the inflamed brain of respective untargeted IgG counterparts was markedly lower (e.g., uptake of anti-ICAM-1/liposomes was 100-fold higher vs IgG/liposomes). These data affirm the specificity of the combined effect of the first pass and immunotargeting. Intravital real-time microscopy via cranial window revealed that anti-ICAM-1/liposomes, but not IgG/liposomes bind to the lumen of blood vessels in the inflamed brain within minutes after injection. This straightforward framework provides the basis for translational efforts towards local vascular drug targeting to the brain.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6510023PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2019.03.008DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

inflamed brain
16
uptake inflamed
12
100-fold higher
8
higher uptake
8
brain
8
anti-icam-1 anti-icam-1/liposomes
8
local
5
uptake
5
inflamed
5
combining vascular
4

Similar Publications

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!