AI Article Synopsis

  • The increasing interest in pupillography is leading to a need for standardized methodologies in terms of recording conditions, stimulus characteristics, and evaluation parameters to enhance research quality.
  • Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) have sparked broader applications of pupillography in various fields, particularly ophthalmology, psychology, and chronobiology, highlighting its significance in both research and clinical settings.
  • The manuscript aims to establish comprehensive pupillography standards initiated at the 32nd International Pupil Colloquium, providing guidelines for different research targets to improve comparability and assist newcomers in the field.

Article Abstract

The number of research groups studying the pupil is increasing, as is the number of publications. Consequently, new standards in pupillography are needed to formalize the methodology including recording conditions, stimulus characteristics, as well as suitable parameters of evaluation. Since the description of intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) there has been an increased interest and broader application of pupillography in ophthalmology as well as other fields including psychology and chronobiology. Color pupillography plays an important role not only in research but also in clinical observational and therapy studies like gene therapy of hereditary retinal degenerations and psychopathology. Stimuli can vary in size, brightness, duration, and wavelength. Stimulus paradigms determine whether rhodopsin-driven rod responses, opsin-driven cone responses, or melanopsin-driven ipRGC responses are primarily elicited. Background illumination, adaptation state, and instruction for the participants will furthermore influence the results. This standard recommends a minimum set of variables to be used for pupillography and specified in the publication methodologies. Initiated at the 32nd International Pupil Colloquium 2017 in Morges, Switzerland, the aim of this manuscript is to outline standards in pupillography based on current knowledge and experience of pupil experts in order to achieve greater comparability of pupillographic studies. Such standards will particularly facilitate the proper application of pupillography by researchers new to the field. First we describe general standards, followed by specific suggestions concerning the demands of different targets of pupil research: the afferent and efferent reflex arc, pharmacology, psychology, sleepiness-related research and animal studies.

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6395400PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fneur.2019.00129DOI Listing

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