Tumor progression locus 2 (TPL2) is a serine/threonine kinase that belongs to the MAP3K family. The activated TPL2 regulates the innate immune-relevant signaling pathways, such as ERK, JNK, and NF-κB, and the differentiation of immune cells, for example, CD4+ T and NK cells. Therefore, TPL2 plays a critical role in regulating the innate immune response. The present review summarizes the recent advancements in the TPL2-regulated innate immune response.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imbio.2019.02.010 | DOI Listing |
J Neurovirol
December 2024
Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, 19102, USA.
Although antiretroviral therapy (ART) has dramatically improved the outlook of the HIV/AIDS pandemic, people living with HIV (PLWH) on suppressive therapy are still at higher risk for a range of comorbidities including cardiovascular disease (CVD) and HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND), among others. Chronic inflammation and immune activation are thought to be an underlying cause of these comorbidities. Many of the factors thought to drive chronic inflammation and immune activation in HIV overlap with factors known to induce trained immunity.
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December 2024
The Aurum Institute, Parktown, South Africa.
Tuberculosis (TB) is the leading cause of death from a single infectious agent. The burden is highest in some low- and middle-income countries. One-quarter of the world's population is estimated to have been infected with TB, which is the seedbed for progressing from TB infection to the deadly and contagious disease itself.
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December 2024
Department of Anesthesiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
Sepsis is defined as a dysfunctional, life-threatening response to infection leading to multiorgan dysfunction and failure. During the past decade, studies have highlighted the relationship between sepsis and aging. However, the role of aging-related mechanisms in the progression and prognosis of sepsis remains unclear.
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December 2024
Immunobiology for Aquaculture Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Campus of International Excellence, Campus Mare Nostrum, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain.
The aim of the study was to investigate the potential preventive use of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) to modulate inflammatory responses in gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata) skin. Initially, in vitro experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of various concentrations of butyric acid, acetic acid and propionic acid, as well as their combination, on the cytotoxicity and cell viability of three different cell lines. The results determined the safe concentration of SCFAs, which was then used for an in vivo study.
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December 2024
Promega Corporation, 2800 Woods Hollow Road, Madison, WI, 53711, USA.
The cyclic GMP-AMP synthase-stimulator of the interferon gene (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway is considered an essential pattern recognition and effector pathway in the natural immune system and is mainly responsible for recognizing DNA molecules present in the cytoplasm and activating downstream signaling pathways to generate type I interferons (IFN-I) and other inflammatory factors. STING, a crucial junction protein in the innate immune system, exerts an essential role in host resistance to external pathogen invasion. The DNA introduced by pathogens or tumors is recognized by the cytoplasmic nucleic acid receptor cGAS, and a second messenger, cGAMP, is generated using intracellular guanosine triphosphate (GTP) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP).
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