Pain resolution in non-operatively managed ultrasound-only groin hernias: 3-year follow-up.

Background: General surgeons frequently see patients with groin lumps and pain. However, in the absence of a lump, an ultrasound scan identified groin hernia is a diagnostic and management challenge. Some surgeons recommend inguinal hernia surgery while others do not. The outcome of non-operative management is uncertain.

Methods: This study represents a minimum 3-year follow-up of all non-operatively managed patients seen in general surgical outpatient clinic over a 12-month period. To be included, patients needed to meet all four criteria: groin pain, no clinical hernia, groin hernia identified on ultrasound scan requested by the general practitioner and non-operative management. Patients were interviewed via a standardised telephone survey. Primary outcome measure was groin pain which was assessed with the Sheffield Pain score.

Results: From July 2014 to June 2015, 67 patients met the inclusion criteria. 42 participated (37 men and 5 women). Two-thirds were pain free (68%). Only 2 patients underwent hernia surgery. Women were more likely to describe developing a lump (60% vs 14%; p = 0.013), to see a surgeon (40% vs 8%; p = 0.039) and undergo hernia surgery (20% vs 3% p = 0.088).

Conclusion: At least in the medium term, non-operative management of men who present with groin pain (with an ultrasound scan reporting a hernia but no lump) is reasonable.