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| http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190041 | DOI Listing |
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DAMPs, PAMPs, NLRs, RIGs, CLRs and TLRs - Understanding the Alphabet Soup in the Context of Bone Biology.
Curr Osteoporos Rep
January 2025
Department of Immunology, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
Purpose Of Review: The purpose of this review is to summarize the current understanding of cell-autonomous innate immune pathways that contribute to bone homeostasis and disease.
Recent Findings: Germ-line encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are the first line of defense against danger and infections. In the bone microenvironment, PRRs and downstream signaling pathways, that mount immune defense, interface intimately with the core cellular processes in bone cells to alter bone formation and resorption.
Tissue-resident memory T (T) cells are crucial components of the immune system that provide rapid, localized responses to recurrent pathogens at mucosal and epithelial barriers. Unlike circulating memory T cells, T cells are located within peripheral tissues, and they play vital roles in antiviral, antibacterial, and antitumor immunity. Their unique retention and activation mechanisms, including interactions with local epithelial cells and the expression of adhesion molecules, enable their persistence and immediate functionality in diverse tissues.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPhagocytosis by macrophages decreases the radiance of bioluminescent Staphylococcus aureus.
BMC Microbiol
January 2025
Department of Biomaterials and Biomedical Technology, University Medical Center Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen, The Netherlands.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how the bioluminescence of Staphylococcus aureus changes when it is engulfed by macrophages, showing a reduction in light production compared to bacteria in culture.
- The bacterial count remains stable during this process, but bioluminescence increases again when bacteria are released after macrophage cell death or when fresh macrophages are added.
- These findings highlight the need to consider intracellular residency effects on bioluminescence when using imaging techniques to study infections in live animals.
Donkey endometrium: Characterization of resident immune cells.
Res Vet Sci
December 2024
Animal and Veterinary Research Center (CECAV), University of Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 500-801 Vila Real, Portugal; Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences (AL4AnimalS), Portugal. Electronic address:
The Burro de Miranda is an endangered donkey breed. The dynamics of the immune system of the donkey's reproductive tract are essential to manage the fertility of these animals for the improvement and survival of the species. In mares, high numbers of immune cells infiltrating the endometrium promote endometrosis, which is still to be confirmed in jennies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAlveolar Macrophages in Viral Respiratory Infections: Sentinels and Saboteurs of Lung Defense.
Int J Mol Sci
January 2025
Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, 30559 Hannover, Germany.
Respiratory viral infections continue to cause pandemic and epidemic outbreaks in humans and animals. Under steady-state conditions, alveolar macrophages (AlvMϕ) fulfill a multitude of tasks in order to maintain tissue homeostasis. Due to their anatomic localization within the deep lung, AlvMϕ are prone to detect and react to inhaled viruses and thus play a role in the early pathogenesis of several respiratory viral infections.
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