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Slow ecological processes challenge conservation. Short-term variability can obscure the importance of slower processes that may ultimately determine the state of a system. Furthermore, management actions with slow responses can be hard to justify. One response to slow processes is to explicitly concentrate analysis on state dynamics. Here, we focus on identifying drivers of Northern Spotted Owl (Strix occidentalis caurina) territorial occupancy dynamics across 11 study areas spanning their geographic range and forecasting response to potential management actions. Competition with Barred Owls (Strix varia) has increased Spotted Owl territory extinction probabilities across all study areas and driven recent declines in Spotted Owl populations. Without management intervention, the Northern Spotted Owl subspecies will be extirpated from parts of its current range within decades. In the short term, Barred Owl removal can be effective. Over longer time spans, however, maintaining or improving habitat conditions can help promote the persistence of northern spotted owl populations. In most study areas, habitat effects on expected Northern Spotted Owl territorial occupancy are actually greater than the effects of competition from Barred Owls. This study suggests how intensive management actions (removal of a competitor) with rapid results can complement a slower management action (i.e., promoting forest succession).
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eap.1861 | DOI Listing |
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int
December 2024
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yasouj University, Yasouj, Iran.
The current study was conducted to identify the contamination of 10 toxic metals(loids) (mercury (Hg), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), nickel (Ni), arsenic (As) and aluminium (Al)) in the feathers of 15 raptor bird species, which tries to analyze the adverse effects, taxonomic affiliation, spatial distribution, habitat type, and effect of age. During 2020-2022, 476 feathers of 115 birds were collected and the primary feathers of each bird were sampled and an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used to analyze the toxic metals(loids). It was found that there is a statistically significant difference between the concentration of metals(loids) and the studied birds (except for As) (p < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Anim Ecol
December 2024
Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
It is widely recognized that predators can influence prey through both direct consumption and by inducing costly antipredator behaviours, the latter of which can produce nonconsumptive effects that cascade through trophic systems. Yet, determining how particular prey manage risk in natural settings remains challenging as empirical studies disproportionately focus on single predator-prey dyads. Here, we contrast foraging strategies within the context of a primary and secondary prey to explore how antipredator behaviours emerge as a product of predation intensity as well as the setting in which an encounter takes place.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiodivers Data J
April 2024
Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service Corvallis, Oregon United States of America.
Background: Declines in biodiversity and ecosystem health due to climate change are raising urgent concerns. In response, large-scale multispecies monitoring programmes are being implemented that increasingly adopt sensor-based approaches such as acoustic recording. These approaches rely heavily on ecological data science.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Ornithol
December 2023
Institute for Melanin Chemistry, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192 Japan.
Although the evolutionary ecology of melanin pigments and melanin-based coloration has been studied in great details, particularly in birds, little is known about the function of melanin stored inside the body. In the barn owl , in which individuals vary in the degree of reddish pheomelanin-based coloration and in the size of black eumelanic feather spots, we measured the concentration in melanin pigments in seven organs. The eyes had by far the most melanin then the skin, pectoral muscle, heart, liver, trachea, and uropygial gland.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFConserv Physiol
August 2023
U.S. Geological Survey, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center, 3200 SW Jefferson Way, Corvallis, OR, 97331 USA.
Body condition indices and related metrics can help assess habitat quality and other ecological processes, and ideally, these metrics are based on measures of lipids directly extracted from the species of interest. In recent decades, barred owls () have become a species of conservation concern as they invaded older forests of the US Pacific Northwest, and caused population declines of the closely related and federally threatened northern spotted owl (). A simple and effective measure of barred owl body condition could help to understand how habitat quality varies within their new range, which in turn can inform their management and other aspects of their ecology.
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