Adherence to international guidelines for the treatment of meningitis infections in Lebanon.

To assess meningitis treatment in Lebanon's compatibility with the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) guidelines and the effect of non-compliance on mortality. Methods: This is a retrospective study, conducted in 5 Lebanese hospitals, and enrolling all patients diagnosed with meningitis who presented to the involved hospitals from January 2008 to December 2016.  Results: A total of 252 participants were enrolled in the study. Of these patients, 205 (82.7%) were diagnosed with viral meningitis and 47 (17.3%) with bacterial meningitis, which was confirmed using laboratory tests. For patients with viral meningitis, 128 (62.4%) remained on the initial prescribed antibiotics despite the negative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood culture results. For bacterial meningitis patients, 30.8% received treatment regimen incompatible with the IDSA guidelines. The most common reason for the treatment incompatibility was the definitive drug choice after the culture results (49.1%) and the least common reason was inappropriate hospital stay days (25.9%). The mortality rate was 13.5%. Having low proteins values in the CSF (odds ratio=0.095) was associated with lower mortality compared to patients with normal protein values. Conclusion: This study shows a high percentage of inappropriate treatment in Lebanese hospitals despite these hospitals having adopted international treatment guidelines. This inappropriate management was associated with an increasing rate of mortality and neurological complications.