With a little help from our friends: Collaborative research partnerships in three workplace-based occupational disease research projects.

Background: Research conducted in collaboration between academic and non-academic partners (known as integrated knowledge translation [iKT]) in the field of occupational health and safety needs to be evaluated.

Objective: This study examined three collaborative workplace-based intervention projects that focused on reducing exposure to occupational carcinogens. Practice, policy and advocacy intermediary organizations partnered with multidisciplinary groups of researchers. This evaluation study sought to understand the characteristics of successful and unsuccessful iKT partnerships from the perspective of the intermediaries.

Methods: Researchers conducted face-to-face interviews with 21 intermediaries and used a thematic-driven "framework analysis" method to analyze the interviews, based upon an evolving conceptual framework.

Results: Seven enablers and barriers of collaboration were identified. Enablers included having: adequate capacity; defined project roles; the right partners; an inclusive project leader; mutual respect; good communication; and shared values and priorities. Lacking these was considered a barrier. Seven outcomes were identified as: improved relevance and quality of the research; learning about each others' "world"; building contacts; improved use of research in practice and policy; dissemination of the research; development of trust and goodwill; and continued collaborations.

Conclusions: Recommendations for future collaborative studies include: spend time defining roles, responsibilities, and expectations; ensure practitioners have the time and resources, and the commitment to the project; and choose representatives from the organizations with the necessary skills or decision-making mandate.