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The paradigm for all toxicological bioassays in the risk assessment of pesticide registration reflects the principle that experimental conditions should be controlled to avoid any other factors that may affect the endpoint measures. As honeybee colonies can be frequently exposed to bio-aggressors in real conditions, often concomitantly with pesticides, co-exposure to pesticide/bio-aggressors is becoming a concern for regulatory authorities. We investigated the effects of the neonicotinoid insecticide thiamethoxam on the homing performances of foragers emerging from colonies differentiated by health status (infestation with Varroa destructor mites, microsporidian parasite Nosema spp. and Deformed Wing Virus). We designed a homing test that has been recently identified to fill a regulatory gap in the field evaluations of sublethal doses of pesticides before their registration. We also assessed the effect of temperature as an environmental factor. Our results showed that the Varroa mite exacerbates homing failure (HF) caused by the insecticide, whereas high temperatures reduce insecticide-induced HF. Through an analytical Effective Dose (ED) approach, predictive modeling results showed that, for instance, ED level of an uninfested colony, can be divided by 3.3 when the colony is infested by 5 Varroa mites per 100 bees and at a temperature of 24 °C. Our results suggest that the health status of honeybee colonies and climatic context should be targeted for a thorough risk assessment.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.02.129 | DOI Listing |
Toxicol Appl Pharmacol
December 2024
Department of Applied Chemistry and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Engineering, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi 441-8580, Japan; Center for Diversity and Inclusion, Toyohashi University of Technology, Toyohashi, Aichi, 441-8580, Japan. Electronic address:
Concerns have been raised regarding acetamiprid (ACE), a neonicotinoid insecticide, due to its potential neurodevelopmental toxicity. ACE, which is structurally similar to nicotine, acts as an agonist of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) and resists degradation by acetylcholinesterase. Furthermore, ACE has been reported to disrupt neuronal transmission and induce developmental neurotoxicity and ataxia in animal models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEnviron Toxicol Pharmacol
December 2024
Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, sez. Entomologia applicata. Università, degli Studi di Catania. Via S. Sofia 100 - 95123 Catania, Italy.
Ground-nesting solitary bees are the most abundant bee species in the xeric areas of the world, but the effects of agrochemicals on them have been little studied. Herein, we evaluated the topical toxicity of an insecticide, a herbicide, and an essential oil on Mediterranean ground-nesting bees (Andrena impunctata, Andrena nigroolivacea, Andrena stabiana, Andrena vetula), and on the managed Apis mellifera, Bombus terrestris, and Osmia bicornis. We tested the lethal effects of commercial formulations of acetamiprid, glyphosate and a biopesticide based on sweet orange essential oil, and evaluated the locomotor behaviours of managed bees exposed to the same treatments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Hazard Mater
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Resource Insects, Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100093, China. Electronic address:
The risk of neonicotinoid insecticides to honeybees is a global issue. Cycloxaprid (CYC) is a novel neonicotinoid insecticide with outstanding activities, good safety profiles, and no cross-resistance with other neonicotinoids. Information on the environmental risks of CYC is limited, especially its effects on honeybees.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnal Methods
December 2024
School of Public Health, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 511436, P. R. China.
In this study, an automatic magnetic solid phase extraction method was developed to determine six parent neonicotinoids (NEOs) and three of their metabolites in breast milk, serum and urine samples. As key extraction parameters, the sorbent amount, washing solvent and elution solvent were optimized to 4 mg of HLB packing magnetic sorbent, pure water and acetonitrile, respectively. Recoveries of the analytes ranged between 81% and 121% for bovine milk samples, 64% and 122% for fetal bovine serum samples and 81% and 109% for pooled urine samples, with RSDs of <20%.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFChemosphere
December 2024
School of Public Health (Shenzhen), Shenzhen Campus of SunYat-sen University, Shenzhen, 518107, China. Electronic address:
In recent years, neonicotinoids (NEOs) as a new type of insecticide have been increasingly used worldwide, causing significant impacts on human health. This study collected urine samples from 1147 elderly individuals (including 714 in the control group and 433 in the hypertension group) in Shenzhen, China, and detected the concentrations of six types of NEOs and four metabolites of NEOs (mNEOs). The aim of this study is to investigate the association between NEOs exposure and hypertension and dyslipidemia.
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