Introduction: This study quantitatively assessed movement of anchor teeth connected to a miniscrew (indirect anchor tooth) and investigated factors affecting movement during adjunctive orthodontic treatment.
Methods: Dental plaster models of 28 patients whose treatment included an indirect anchor tooth on one side were collected before and after treatment. The casts were digitally scanned, and 2 groups were constituted: the indirect anchor teeth (experimental group; n = 52) and the untreated teeth (control group; the first and second premolars opposing the indirect anchor tooth to which no orthodontic force was applied; n = 55). Pretreatment and posttreatment models were superimposed and the amount and direction of indirect anchor tooth movement were evaluated with the use of a univariate linear mixed model. Possible factors affecting movement of the indirect anchor tooth and its significance were also evaluated with the use of a multiple linear mixed model.
Results: The indirect anchor tooth moved 0.91 ± 0.50 mm and did not exhibit significant differences in the transverse, vertical, or sagittal directions. The location of the indirect anchor tooth affected movement and the tooth moved significantly more in the mandible than in the maxilla.
Conclusions: The indirect anchor tooth can move during adjunctive orthodontic treatment and thus requires careful monitoring for occlusal changes.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajodo.2018.04.027 | DOI Listing |
J Community Psychol
January 2025
Jack, Joseph and Morton Mandel School of Applied Social Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Via observational data from the Project on Human Development in Chicago Neighborhoods collected between 1994 and 2001, this study examined the degree to which neighborhood disorder, collective efficacy, and youth-centered institutional resources are directly associated with adolescents' depressive symptoms across time, and the mediating role of adolescents'neighborhood self-efficacy. Latent variable structural equation models were estimated among an unweighted representative sample of 1448 adolescents (59% male, mean age 15.19), across 79 neighborhoods in Chicago, to examine the direct effects of neighborhood disorder, collective efficacy, and availability of youth-centered resources at baseline (measured at timepoint 1; reported by an independent sample of Chicago adults) on adolescents' depressive symptoms (measured a timepoint 3), and the mediating effect of adolescents' neighborhood-anchored self-efficacy (measured at timepoint 2).
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Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Iuliu Haţieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 4 Louis Pasteur St., 400349 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
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Methods and Outreach, Novo Nordisk Pharma, Madrid, Spain.
In evidence synthesis, effect modifiers are typically described as variables that induce treatment effect heterogeneity at the individual level, through treatment-covariate interactions in an outcome model parametrized at such level. As such, effect modification is defined with respect to a conditional measure, but marginal effect estimates are required for population-level decisions in health technology assessment. For noncollapsible measures, purely prognostic variables that are not determinants of treatment response at the individual level may modify marginal effects, even where there is individual-level treatment effect homogeneity.
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