Previous studies on the processing of fractions and proportions focused mainly on the processing of their overall magnitude information in the intraparietal sulcus (IPS). However, the IPS is also associated with domain-general cognitive functions beyond processing overall magnitude, which may nevertheless be involved in operating on magnitude information of proportions. To pursue this issue, the present study aimed at investigating whether there is a shared neural correlate for proportion processing in the intraparietal cortex beyond overall magnitude processing and how part-whole relations are processed on the neural level. Across four presentation formats (i.e., fractions, decimals, dot patterns, and pie charts) we observed a shared neural substrate in bilateral inferior parietal cortex, slightly anterior and inferior to IPS areas recently found for overall magnitude proportion processing. Nevertheless, when evaluating the neural correlates of part-whole processing (i.e., contrasting fractions, dot patterns, and pie charts vs. decimals), we found wide-spread activation in fronto-parietal brain areas. These results indicate involvement of domain-general cognitive processes in part-whole processing beyond processing the overall magnitude of proportions. The dissociation between proportions involving part-whole relations and decimals was further substantiated by a representational similarity analysis, which revealed common neural processing for fractions, pie charts, and dot patterns, possibly representing their bipartite part-whole structure. In contrast, decimals seemed to be processed differently on the neural level, possibly reflecting missing processes of actual proportion calculation in decimals.
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