Departamento de Física Aplicada (Area de Optometría), Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain.
Published: November 2019
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
Background: Hyperosmolarity of tear fluid has been recognised as a common feature of all types of dry eye disease. This study was designed to assess the inter-session reproducibility of a freezing point depression osmometer (Fiske 110) as the most common and precise way of measuring osmolality, by using two different volumes of tear samples on healthy subjects, and to determine the possible applications of this device in tear film research and clinical practice.
Methods: Measurements were made by using the Fiske 110 osmometer under two different tear sample volumes (4 μl and 2 μl). In both cases, samples were diluted in purified water to obtain the 20 μl required by the device to perform the measurement (1:4 and 1:9 dilutions, respectively). Inter-session reproducibility was determined in two groups of 40 healthy subjects, in two sessions, one week apart. In each group, one of the two different tear sample volumes was used to determine the reproducibility of each technique.
Results: No significant differences were detected between the measurements obtained in the two sessions using the 4 μl (paired t-test, p = 0.772; mean difference ± SD = -0.85 ± 18.77 mOsm/L; 95 per cent limits of agreement [LoAs] = -37.64/+35.94) or the 2 μl volume sample (paired t-test, p = 0.054; mean difference ± SD = 9.27 ± 29.44 mOsm/L; 95 per cent LoAs = -48.43/+66.97).
Conclusions: Whereas both techniques show an acceptable inter-session reproducibility, the bias range with the present protocol was higher using the 2 μl tear sample volume than the 4 μl one. Therefore, it seems that the diluted 4 μl sample was the only dilution that could be acceptable for use in routine clinical practice for tear film analysis.
Using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (H MRS) to determine total creatine (tCr) concentrations will become increasingly prevalent, as the role of creatine (Cr) in supporting brain health gains interest. Methodological limitations and margins of error in repeated H MRS, which often surpass reported effects of supplementation, permeate existing literature. We examined the intra- and inter-session reliability and repeatability of H MRS for determining tCr concentrations across multiple brain regions (midbrain, visual cortex and frontal cortex).
Background: Peripapillary blood flow is of diagnostic value in glaucoma.
Material And Methods: We investigated the reproducibility of peripapillary blood flow measurements in healthy individuals and in open-angle glaucoma (OAG) patients with the Nidek laser speckle flowgraphy (LSFG)-NAVI system. Blood flow was calculated as the mean of vascular area (MV), mean of tissue area (MT), and mean of overall flow (MA).
Objectives: The synergy between arm and shoulder muscles, along with isometric finger flexor strength, are crucial for climbing proficiency. However, tests often assess these factors separately rather than in a unified action. This study aimed to determine the intra- and inter-session reliability of the mean propulsive velocity (MPV) during pull-ups on a large hold and on small climbing edges.
Gait analysis is essential for evaluating walking patterns and identifying functional limitations. Traditional marker-based motion capture tools are costly, time-consuming, and require skilled operators. This study evaluated a 3D Marker-less Motion Capture (3D MMC) system using pose and depth estimations with the gold-standard Motion Capture (MOCAP) system for measuring hip and knee joint angles during gait at three speeds (0.
OpenCap is a web-based markerless motion capture platform that estimates 3D kinematics from videos recorded from at least two iOS devices. This study aimed to determine the concurrent validity and inter-session reliability of OpenCap for measuring trunk and lower-limb kinematics during squatting, hopping, countermovement jumping, and cutting. Nineteen participants (10 males, 9 females; age 27.
