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Substrate elasticity induces quiescence and promotes neurogenesis of primary neural stem cells-A biophysical in vitro model of the physiological cerebral milieu. | LitMetric

AI Article Synopsis

  • Neural stem cells (NSC) are influenced by their local microenvironment, particularly the elasticity of substrates they are grown on.
  • Research showed that softer substrates (1 kPa) decreased NSC proliferation but increased their quiescence, while promoting differentiation into neurons at a higher rate compared to stiffer substrates (50 kPa).
  • The findings suggest that using brain-like elastic materials can maintain NSC in a healthy state and enhance their ability to generate neurons, which is crucial for brain function.

Article Abstract

In the brain, neural stem cells (NSC) are tightly regulated by external signals and biophysical cues mediated by the local microenvironment or "niche." In particular, the influence of tissue elasticity, known to fundamentally affect the function of various cell types in the body, on NSC remains poorly understood. We, accordingly, aimed to characterize the effects of elastic substrates on critical NSC functions. Primary rat NSC were grown as monolayers on polydimethylsiloxane- (PDMS-) based gels. PDMS-coated cell culture plates, simulating the physiological microenvironment of the living brain, were generated in various degrees of elasticity, ranging from 1 to 50 kPa; additionally, results were compared with regular glass plates as usually used in cell culture work. Survival of NSC on the PDMS-based substrates was unimpaired. The proliferation rate on 1 kPa PDMS decreased by 45% compared with stiffer PMDS substrates of 50 kPa (p < 0.05) whereas expression of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1B/p27Kip1 increased more than two fold (p < 0.01), suggesting NSC quiescence. NSC differentiation was accelerated on softer substrates and favored the generation of neurons (42% neurons on 1 kPa PDMS vs. 25% on 50 kPa PDMS; p < 0.05). Neurons generated on 1 kPa PDMS showed 29% longer neurites compared with those on stiffer PDMS substrates (p < 0.05), suggesting optimized neuronal maturation and an accelerated generation of neuronal networks. Data show that primary NSC are significantly affected by the mechanical properties of their microenvironment. Culturing NSC on a substrate of brain-like elasticity keeps them in their physiological, quiescent state and increases their neurogenic potential.

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Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/term.2838DOI Listing

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