Extended dual antiplatelet therapy for Asian patients with acute coronary syndrome: expert recommendations.

Background: Recently, new evidence from large scale trials and updated guidelines have emerged on the risks and benefits of extended dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) for patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Aims: To discuss, clarify and advise on the application of the evidences and guidelines on individual patient selection for extended DAPT, with regard to balancing risk factors, particularly in Asian populations.

Methods: A total of 14 local cardiologists from Hong Kong with extensive experience in cardiology and cardiac interventions convened in a series of 3 advisory board meetings from October 2016 to September 2017, which included reviews of new evidence in the literature and discussions of the latest clinical trends, using an anonymous, electronic voting system for arriving at consensuses.

Results: Recommendations were produced for the following nine risk factors: old age (>65), chronic kidney disease (CKD), diabetes mellitus (DM), recurrent myocardial infarction (MI), multi-vessel disease (MVD), multiple stents, bioresorbable vascular scaffold (BVS) stent, left main stenting and peripheral artery disease (PAD). Strong ischaemic risk factors include DM, recurrent MI, MVD and/or >3 stents; less-strong ischaemic factors include CKD, left main stenting, BVS stent and PAD. Old age can be an unclear risk factor due to variations in physical fitness even among patients of identical age.

Discussion: The strengths and limitations of the results were acknowledged.

Conclusion: ACS patients with ischaemic risk factors could be considered for extended DAPT beyond 12 months, while balancing the risk of bleeding.