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Targeted therapy has emerged as a promising option in cancer treatment, driven by advances in the understanding of DNA changes and the molecular basis of cancer. This article provides an overview of next-generation sequencing and types of genetic alterations, common cancer biomarkers, a review of circulating tumor DNA testing and its applications for oncology treatments, how to read a genomic testing report, examples of targeted therapy for cancer pathologic variants and tumor markers, and the implications for nursing practice in this emerging field.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCirculating T Cell Subsets in Type 1 Diabetes.
Cells
January 2025
Unidad de Investigación Médica en Inmunología, de la UMAE Hospital de Pediatría, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico.
Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a complex disease driven by the immune system attacking the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. Understanding the role of different T cell subpopulations in the development and progression of T1D is crucial. By employing flow cytometry to compare the characteristics of T cells, we can pinpoint potential indicators of treatment response or therapeutic inefficacy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnravelling Secondary Brain Injury: Insights from a Human-Sized Porcine Model of Acute Subdural Haematoma.
Cells
December 2024
Institute of Anaesthesiologic Pathophysiology and Process Development, University Hospital Ulm, Helmholtzstrasse 8/1, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains one of the leading causes of death. Because of the individual nature of the trauma (brain, circumstances and forces), humans experience individual TBIs. This makes it difficult to generalise therapies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFEzrin Polarization as a Diagnostic Marker for Circulating Tumor Cells in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.
Cells
December 2024
Department of General, Visceral and Transplant Surgery, University Hospital Muenster, University of Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, with no precise method for early detection. Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) expressing the dynamic polarity of the cytoskeletal membrane protein, ezrin, have been proposed to play a crucial role in tumor progression and metastasis. This study investigated the diagnostic and prognostic potential of polarized circulating tumor cells (p-CTCs) in HCC patients.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) and mortality in stable patients at high cardiovascular risk.
Clin Kidney J
September 2024
Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
Background: Proenkephalin A 119-159 (penKid) is a novel blood biomarker for real-time assessment of kidney function and was found to be independently associated with worsening kidney function and mortality. A novel penKid-based estimated glomerular filtration rate equation (eGFR), outperforms current creatinine-based eGFR equations in predicting iohexol or iothalamate plasma clearance-based measured GFR. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the predictive value of penKid and eGFR for all-cause mortality in stable patients at high cardiovascular risk.
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