Objective: Obesity is considered a clinic condition characterized by a state of chronic low-grade inflammation. The role of macrophages and adipocytokines in adipose tissue inflammation is in growing investigation. The physiopathological mechanisms involved in inflammatory state in obesity are not fully understood though the adipocytokines seem to characterize the biochemical link between obesity and inflammation. The aim of this work is to analyze the effect of theobromine, a methylxanthine present in the cocoa, on adipogenesis and on proinflammatory cytokines evaluated in a model of fat tissue inflammation in vitro.
Methods: In order to mimic in vitro this inflammatory condition, we investigated the interactions between human-like macrophages U937 and human adipocyte cell lines SGBS. The effect of theobromine on in vitro cell growth, cell cycle, adipogenesis, and cytokines release in the supernatants has been evaluated.
Results: Theobromine significantly inhibits the differentiation of preadipocytes in mature adipocytes and reduces the levels of proinflammatory cytokines as MCP-1 and IL-1 in the supernatants obtained by the mature adipocytes and macrophages interaction.
Conclusion: Theobromine reduces adipogenesis and proinflammatory cytokines; these data suggest its potential therapeutic effect for treating obesity by control of macrophages infiltration in adipose tissue and inflammation.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6360562 | PMC |
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1515621 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Chemical and in vivo analyses of calcium silicate-based materials in bone and connective tissues.
Int Endod J
January 2025
Department of Restorative Dentistry-Endodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
Aim: Calcium silicate-based cements have been widely used in dentistry mainly due to their physicochemical and biological properties. Commercially available materials use radiopacifiers containing metals (bismuth, tantalum, tungsten and/or zirconium). To investigate volumetric changes, in vivo biocompatibility and systemic migration from eight commercially available materials, including powder/liquid and 'ready-to-use' presentations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLeflunomide exerts neuroprotective effects in an MPTP‑treated mouse model of Parkinsonism.
Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars)
January 2025
Ondokuz Mayıs University, School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry, Samsun, Turkey.
Neuroinflammation and the immune response are recognized as significant mechanisms contributing to the progression and pathophysiology of Parkinson's disease (PD). Consequently, extensive research is being conducted on drugs targeting inflammation and immune response. Leflunomide, known for its anti‑inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties, is currently used as a disease‑modifying agent for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMicrobial succinate promotes the response to metformin by upregulating secretory immunoglobulin a in intestinal immunity.
Gut Microbes
December 2025
Beijing Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
Metformin is the first-line pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, many patients respond poorly to this drug in clinical practice. The potential involvement of microbiota-mediated intestinal immunity and related signals in metformin responsiveness has not been previously investigated. In this study, we successfully constructed a humanized mouse model by fecal transplantation of the gut microbiota from clinical metformin-treated - responders and non-responders, and reproduced the difference in clinical phenotypes of responsiveness to metformin.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSelective Gamma-Secretase Inhibition by CHF5074 Attenuates Inflammation and Neovascularization in a Murine Model of Choroidal Neovascularization.
Curr Eye Res
January 2025
Ophthalmology Department, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China.
Purpose: Chronic inflammation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of choroidal neovascularization (CNV). This study aimed to investigate the effect of the CHF5074, a γ-secretase inhibitor, on angiogenesis in a laser-induced CNV model and elucidate its possible molecular mechanism.
Methods: Male C57/BL6J mice aged between 6 to 8 weeks were employed to set up a laser-induced model of CNV.
Investigation of the Effects of Silymarin on Ovarian Ischemia Reperfusion via Nrf-2/HO-1/NQO1, Ki-67 and Wnt Signaling Pathways.
J Biochem Mol Toxicol
January 2025
Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Aksaray University, Aksaray, Turkey.
Ovarian ischemia is a pathological condition that usually occurs due to ovarian torsion, resulting in the interruption of blood supply to the ovaries and oxygen deficiency. Silymarin (SLM) is a flavonoid complex of plant origin with pharmacological properties such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiapoptotic effects. In this study, we investigated the effects of SLM through different pathways in rats subjected to experimental ovarian ischemia/reperfusion (I/R).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWant AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!