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Exploring spiking neural networks for deep reinforcement learning in robotic tasks.
Sci Rep
December 2024
Department of Electrical, Electronic, and Information Engineering "Guglielmo Marconi", Università di Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) stand as the third generation of Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), mirroring the functionality of the mammalian brain more closely than their predecessors. Their computational units, spiking neurons, characterized by Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs), allow for dynamic system representation, with spikes serving as the medium for asynchronous communication among neurons. Due to their inherent ability to capture input dynamics, SNNs hold great promise for deep networks in Reinforcement Learning (RL) tasks.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuronal traveling waves form preferred pathways using synaptic plasticity.
J Comput Neurosci
December 2024
Department of Physics, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Philadelphia, 19104, PA, USA.
Traveling waves of neuronal spiking activity are commonly observed across the brain, but their intrinsic function is still a matter of investigation. Experiments suggest that they may be valuable in the consolidation of memory or learning, indicating that consideration of traveling waves in the presence of plasticity might be important. A possible outcome of this consideration is that the synaptic pathways, necessary for the propagation of these waves, will be modified by the waves themselves.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPro-inflammatory S100A8 Protein Exhibits a Detergent-like Effect on Anionic Lipid Bilayers, as Imaged by High-Speed AFM.
ACS Appl Mater Interfaces
December 2024
Institute of Biochemistry, Life Sciences Center, Vilnius University, Saulėtekio av. 7, Vilnius, LT-10257, Lithuania.
Neuronal cell death induced by cell membrane damage is one of the major hallmarks of neurodegenerative diseases. Neuroinflammation precedes the loss of neurons; however, whether and how inflammation-related proteins contribute to the loss of membrane integrity remains unknown. We employed a range of biophysical tools, including high-speed atomic force microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, to ascertain whether the pro-inflammatory protein S100A8 induces alterations in biomimetic lipid membranes upon interaction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFunctional electrical stimulation in adult patients with cerebral palsy and foot drop-outcome in gait.
Prosthet Orthot Int
December 2024
Clinic for Orthopedics, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
Background: Foot drop is a common condition for patients with upper motor neuron syndrome such as cerebral palsy (CP). This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional electrical stimulation (FES) on gait function, quality of life, and FES satisfaction in adults with CP and foot drop. To analyze effects over time, an observational, longitudinal study was performed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn Vivo Neurodynamics Mapping via High-Speed Two-Photon Fluorescence Lifetime Volumetric Projection Microscopy.
Adv Sci (Weinh)
December 2024
State Key Laboratory of Radio Frequency Heterogeneous Integration & Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems, College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China.
Monitoring the morphological and biochemical information of neurons and glial cells at high temporal resolution in three-dimensional (3D) volumes of in vivo is pivotal for understanding their structure and function, and quantifying the brain microenvironment. Conventional two-photon fluorescence lifetime volumetric imaging speed faces the acquisition speed challenges of slow serial focal tomographic scanning, complex post-processing procedures for lifetime images, and inherent trade-offs among contrast, signal-to-noise ratio, and speed. This study presents a two-photon fluorescence lifetime volumetric projection microscopy using an axially elongated Bessel focus and instant frequency-domain fluorescence lifetime technique, and integrating with a convolutional network to enhance the imaging speed for in vivo neurodynamics mapping.
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