Rapid screening methods for yeast sub-metabolome analysis with a high-resolution ion mobility quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometer.

Rationale: The wide chemical diversity and complex matrices inherent to metabolomics still pose a challenge to current analytical approaches for metabolite screening. Although dedicated front-end separation techniques combined with high-resolution mass spectrometry set the benchmark from an analytical point of view, the increasing number of samples and sample complexity demand for a compromise in terms of selectivity, sensitivity and high-throughput analyses.

Methods: Prior to low-field drift tube ion mobility (IM) separation and quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOFMS) detection, rapid ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography separation was used for analysis of different concentration levels of dansylated metabolites present in a yeast cell extract. For identity confirmation of metabolites at the MS2 level, an alternating frame approach was chosen and two different strategies were tested: a data-independent all-ions acquisition and a quadrupole broad band isolation (Q-BBI) directed by IM drift separation.

Results: For Q-BBI analysis, the broad mass range isolation was successfully optimized in accordance with the distinctive drift time to m/z correlation of the dansyl derivatives. To guarantee comprehensive sampling, a broad mass isolation window of 70 Da was employed. Fragmentation was performed via collision-induced dissociation, applying a collision energy ramp optimized for the dansyl derivatives. Both approaches were studied in terms of linear dynamic range and repeatability employing ethanolic extracts of Pichia pastoris spiked with 1 μM metabolite mixture. Example data obtained for histidine and glycine showed that drift time precision (<0.01 to 0.3% RSD, n = 5) compared very well with the data reported in an earlier IM-TOFMS-based study.

Conclusions: Chimeric mass spectra, inherent to data-independent analysis approaches, are reduced when using a drift time directed Q-BBI approach. Additionally, an improved linear dynamic working range was observed, representing, together with a rapid front-end separation, a powerful approach for metabolite screening.