Objectives: Paragangliomas of the urinary bladder (PUBs) are challenging catecholamine-producing neuroendocrine tumors. We aimed to facilitate their diagnosis and treatment by functional and anatomical classifications.
Materials And Methods: Between April 2007 and September 2017, 31 cases from 2 centers were retrieved, in which the patients were pathologically diagnosed with PUB. Besides classifying them into functional and nonfunctional PUBs, functional PUBs were further subclassified into typical functional PUB (with typical symptoms and elevated catecholamines/metabolites levels) and atypical functional PUB. Anatomically, they were classified into submucosal, intramural, and subserosal PUBs.
Results: Functionally, these cases comprised 17 (54.8%) functional and 14 (45.2%) nonfunctional PUBs. Functional PUBs had significantly larger diameters than nonfunctional PUBs (P < 0.01). Of the 17 functional PUB cases, 8 were further subclassified into typical functional PUB, of which 4 were diagnosed without cystoscopy. Anatomically, these cases comprised 14 (45.2%) submucosal, 13 (41.9%) intramural, and 4 (12.9%) subserosal PUBs. Intramural and subserosal PUBs had significantly larger diameters and were more likely to be functional than submucosal PUBs (P < 0.05). Cystoscopy failed to detect the tumor in all patients with subserosal PUB. Besides all patients with intramural or subserosal PUB, 1 patient with submucosal PUB underwent partial cystectomy. The remaining 13 patients with submucosal PUB underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor, 5 of whom required extra surgical intervention.
Conclusions: By functional classification, omitting cystoscopy is feasible in the diagnosis of typical functional PUBs. By anatomical classification, intramural, and subserosal PUBs tend to be large and functional. Moreover, negative cystoscopic findings are not sufficient to exclude subserosal PUBs. Finally, not all submucosal PUBs are amenable to transurethral resection of bladder tumor.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2019.01.027 | DOI Listing |
PLoS One
December 2024
Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
The orthalicoidean genus Kora Simone, 2012 is reviewed. Three of the four known species are redescribed, including their anatomy. These species are K.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeurotox Res
December 2024
Department of Physiology, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil.
Chronic use of typical antipsychotics can lead to varying motor effects depending on the timing of analysis. Acute treatment typically induces hypokinesia, resembling parkinsonism, while repeated use can result in tardive dyskinesia, a hyperkinetic syndrome marked by involuntary orofacial movements, such as vacuous chewing movements in mice. Tardive dyskinesia is particularly concerning due to its potential irreversibility and associated motor discomfort.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Genomics
December 2024
Department of Zoology, College of Life Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Ya'an, Sichuan, 625014, China.
Background: The ovary is a central organ in the reproductive system that produces oocytes and synthesizes and secretes steroid hormones. Healthy development and regular cyclical change in the ovary is crucial for regulating reproductive processes. However, the key genes and metabolites that regulate ovarian development and pregnancy have not been fully elucidated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMolecules
December 2024
Laboratory of Nuclear Energy Chemistry, Institute of High Energy Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
The aromatic boron cluster B () has similar π bonding to CH, which is named "borozene". The B ligand has been observed to stabilize monovalent Ln(+I) in -LnB (Ln = La, Pr, Tb, Tm, and Yb) borozene complexes. Low-valency actinide complexes have been reported more rarely, and B may be one of the potential ligands.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInvertebr Syst
December 2024
Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of FEBRAS, Vladivostok, RU-690022, Russian Federation.
The northward distribution limit of groundwater fauna is generally dictated by the extent of glacial ice sheets during the Pleistocene. However, some taxa can be found far above this limit, sometimes on isolated oceanic islands, implying long-term survival in subglacial subterranean refugia. Here we report a peculiar assemblage comprising two new depigmented and blind (stygomorphic) amphipods from the subarctic ancient lake El'gygytgyn (northern Far East): Palearcticarellus hyperboreus sp.
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