Near-Surface Material Phases and Microstructure of Scandate Cathodes.

Materials (Basel)

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.

Published: February 2019

Scandate cathodes that were fabricated using the liquid-solid process and that exhibited excellent emission performance were characterized using complementary state-of-the-art electron microscopy techniques. Sub-micron BaAl₂O₄ particles were observed on the surfaces and edges of tungsten particles, as seen in cross-section samples extracted from the scandate cathode surface regions. Although several BaAl₂O₄ particles were observed to surround smaller Sc₂O₃ nanoparticles, no chemical mixing of the two oxides was detected, and in fact the distinct oxide phases were separately verified by chemical analysis and also by 3D elemental tomography. Nanobeam electron diffraction confirmed that the crystal structure throughout W grains is body-centered cubic, indicating that they are metallic W and did not experience noticeable changes, even near the grain surfaces, as a result of the numerous complex chemical reactions that occur during cathode impregnation and activation. 3D reconstruction further revealed that internal Sc/Sc₂O₃ particles tend to exhibit a degree of correlated arrangement within a given W particle, rather than being distributed uniformly throughout. Moreover, the formation of Sc/Sc₂O₃ particles within W grains may arise from W surface roughening that occurs during the liquid-solid synthesis process.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6416559PMC
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12040636DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

scandate cathodes
8
baal₂o₄ particles
8
particles observed
8
sc/sc₂o₃ particles
8
particles
5
near-surface material
4
material phases
4
phases microstructure
4
microstructure scandate
4
cathodes scandate
4

Similar Publications

Desorption from Hot Scandate Cathodes: Effects on Vacuum Device Interior Surfaces after Long-Term Operation.

Materials (Basel)

November 2020

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506-0046, USA.

Scandate cathodes have exhibited superior emission properties compared to current state-of-the-art "M-type" thermionic cathodes. However, their integration into vacuum devices is limited in part by a lack of knowledge regarding their functional lifespan and behavior during operation. Here, we consider thermal desorption from scandate cathodes by examining the distribution of material deposited on interior surfaces of a sealed vacuum device after ~26,000 h of cathode operation.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

In order to meet the requirements of high-frequency vacuum electronic devices with small size, high current density, and low working temperature, a kind of porous tungsten scandate cathode with micro-blade-type arrays was developed. The micro-blade-type arrays were fabricated by laser engraving technology. Subsequently, the cathode was prepared by a vacuum copper removal process and impregnated with active substances at high temperature.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Near-Surface Material Phases and Microstructure of Scandate Cathodes.

Materials (Basel)

February 2019

Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Kentucky, 177 F. Paul Anderson Tower, Lexington, KY 40506, USA.

Scandate cathodes that were fabricated using the liquid-solid process and that exhibited excellent emission performance were characterized using complementary state-of-the-art electron microscopy techniques. Sub-micron BaAl₂O₄ particles were observed on the surfaces and edges of tungsten particles, as seen in cross-section samples extracted from the scandate cathode surface regions. Although several BaAl₂O₄ particles were observed to surround smaller Sc₂O₃ nanoparticles, no chemical mixing of the two oxides was detected, and in fact the distinct oxide phases were separately verified by chemical analysis and also by 3D elemental tomography.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!