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Gharial acoustic signaling: Novel underwater pops are temporally based, context-dependent, seasonally stable, male-specific, and individually distinctive.
J Anat
January 2025
Gharial Ecology Project, Madras Crocodile Bank Trust, Mamallapuram, Tamil Nadu, India.
Gharials (Gavialis gangeticus) produce a sudden, high amplitude, pulsatile, underwater sound called a POP. In this study, gharial POPs ranged from 9 to 55 ms, and were clearly audible on land and water, at ≥500 m. POPs were only performed underwater by adult males possessing a sex-specific, cartilaginous narial excrescence, termed the ghara.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFVaginal Wall Thickness Measurement by 2D-Ultrasound and Pelvic Floor Muscle Morphometry by 4D-Ultrasound in Women With Vaginal Laxity Treated With Radiofrequency or Pelvic Floor Muscle Training.
Neurourol Urodyn
January 2025
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, School of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas, Brazil.
Aim: To compare the vaginal wall thickness (VWT) measurement by two-dimensional ultrasound (2D-US) and pelvic floor muscle morphometry by four-dimensional translabial ultrasound (4D-TLUS) in women with vaginal laxity (VL) who underwent treatment with radiofrequency (RF) or pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) after 30 days and 6 months.
Methods: A secondary analysis of a randomized clinical trial that occurred between February 2020 and December 2021 was performed. Women with VL were enrolled and treated with RF or PFMT for 12 weeks.
Background: Research has highlighted the physical complications of starvation, but there is less research examining the psychological effects of starvation in humans.
Aims: This scoping review synthesises literature on the non-physical effects of starvation in humans.
Method: Following PRISMA-ScR guidelines, we searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, and Global Health for studies published between 1946 and 2023 examining the non-physical effects of starvation in individuals aged 2-79 years, including those who were starved, malnourished, stunted, wasted, underweight, had a restrictive eating disorder, or were raised in famine conditions.
Steroidogenic acute regulatory protein in fish.
J Endocrinol
January 2025
N Denslow, Physiological Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611, United States.
The importance of steroidogenesis is underscored by its vital and conserved functions from higher to lower vertebrate species, such as stress, immune, and inflammatory responses, sexual development and reproduction, osmoregulation, and even the ability to adapt to the environment and environmental changes. Correspondingly, the rate limiting step of steroidogenesis mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein is an ongoing target for scientific investigation. An expanding collection of studies have now reported key similarities, as well as some differences, in transcriptional and translational regulation of steroidogenic acute regulatory across species.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF[Massive gene losses: the case of chemoreceptors in aquatic tetrapods].
Med Sci (Paris)
January 2025
Zoological Institute, Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Basel, Bâle, Suisse.
The existence of multigene families is the result of gene duplication. In vertebrates, the genes coding for the chemoreceptors involved in olfaction often form large families, sometimes comprising several thousand genes. In this case, it is assumed that a large number of genes is essential to discriminate between a large number of odorant molecules, and that the ability to identify a large number of odors may be necessary for different purposes, such as finding food and sexual partners, and avoiding predators.
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