eEF1A demonstrates paralog specific effects on HIV-1 reverse transcription efficiency.

The eukaryotic translation elongation factor 1A (eEF1A) has two cell-type specific paralogs, eEF1A1 and eEF1A2. Both paralogs undertake a canonical function in delivering aminoacyl-tRNA to the ribosome for translation, but differences in other functions are emerging. eEF1A1 has been reported to be important for the replication of many viruses, but no study has specifically linked the eEF1A2 paralog. We have previously demonstrated that eEF1A1 directly interacts with HIV-1 RT and supports efficient reverse transcription. Here, we showed that RT interacted more strongly with eEF1A1 than with eEF1A2 in immunoprecipitation assay. Biolayer interferometry using eEF1A paralogs showed different association and dissociation rates with RT. Over expressed eEF1A1, but not eEF1A2, was able to restore HIV-1 reverse transcription efficiency in HEK293T cells with endogenous eEF1A knocked-down and HIV-1 reverse transcription efficiency correlated with the level of eEF1A1 mRNA, but not to eEF1A2 mRNA in both HEK293T and primary human skeletal muscle cells.