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Developmental and genomic insight into the origin of the tardigrade body plan.
Evol Dev
July 2024
Department of Earth Sciences, Palaeobiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
Tardigrada is an ancient lineage of miniaturized animals. As an outgroup of the well-studied Arthropoda and Onychophora, studies of tardigrades hold the potential to reveal important insights into body plan evolution in Panarthropoda. Previous studies have revealed interesting facets of tardigrade development and genomics that suggest that a highly compact body plan is a derived condition of this lineage, rather than it representing an ancestral state of Panarthropoda.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCambrian lobopodians shed light on the origin of the tardigrade body plan.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
July 2023
Division of Earth Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Yeonsu-gu, Incheon 21990, Korea.
Phylum Tardigrada (water bears), well known for their cryptobiosis, includes small invertebrates with four paired limbs and is divided into two classes: Eutardigrada and Heterotardigrada. The evolutionary origin of Tardigrada is known to lie within the lobopodians, which are extinct soft-bodied worms with lobopodous limbs mostly discovered at sites of exceptionally well-preserved fossils. Contrary to their closest relatives, onychophorans and euarthropods, the origin of morphological characters of tardigrades remains unclear, and detailed comparison with the lobopodians has not been well explored.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFExtensive loss of Wnt genes in Tardigrada.
BMC Ecol Evol
December 2021
Biology Department, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Background: Wnt genes code for ligands that activate signaling pathways during development in Metazoa. Through the canonical Wnt (cWnt) signaling pathway, these genes regulate important processes in bilaterian development, such as establishing the anteroposterior axis and posterior growth. In Arthropoda, Wnt ligands also regulate segment polarity, and outgrowth and patterning of developing appendages.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLoss of intermediate regions of perpendicular body axes contributed to miniaturization of tardigrades.
Proc Biol Sci
July 2020
Biology Department, University of North Florida, USA.
Tardigrades have a miniaturized body plan. Miniaturization in tardigrades is associated with the loss of several organ systems and an intermediate region of their anteroposterior (AP) axis. However, how miniaturization has affected tardigrade legs is unclear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMiniaturization in Panarthropoda.
Arthropod Struct Dev
January 2019
Institut für Zoologie und Evolutionsforschung, FSU Jena, 07743, Jena, Germany. Electronic address:
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