Glucocorticoid hormones, both naturally occurring and synthetic, have long been recognized as a major cause of hypertension. There are well-described experimental models of glucocorticoid-induced hypertension, such as adrenocorticotropic hormone- and dexamethasone-induced hypertension in rats, although the exact mechanism of glucocorticoid-induced hypertension remains unclear. It was initially considered to be due to mineralocorticoid receptor activation but more recent studies have not supported this notion. Current evidence demonstrates the importance of the nitric oxide (NO) system and interactions between NO and reactive oxygen species in the development of glucocorticoid-induced hypertension. This review highlights the pathways contributing to NO deficiency, which encompass the availability of l-arginine, endothelial NO synthase function and the extent of NO inactivation during oxidative stress.
Download full-text PDF |
Source |
|---|---|
| http://dx.doi.org/10.1586/eem.12.19 | DOI Listing |
Publication Analysis
Top Keywords
Similar Publications
Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Activity and Metabolic Disorders in Kidney Transplant Recipients on Long-Term Glucocorticoid Therapy.
J Clin Med
November 2024
Department of Nephrology and Renal Transplantation, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Laiko Hospital, 11527 Athens, Greece.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how common hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis suppression is among kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) on low doses of glucocorticoids, highlighting that 27.5% had low cortisol levels.* -
- It found that KTRs with low cortisol levels tended to be older and longer post-transplant, with cortisol levels positively correlating with other hormones like ACTH and DHEAS.* -
- Despite increased HPA axis suppression in these patients, the study concluded that it was not linked to metabolic disorders like hypertension or diabetes, suggesting ACTH could be a useful biomarker for monitoring HPA activity.*
Cardiovascular status in endogenous cortisol excess: the prospective CV-CORT-EX study.
Eur J Endocrinol
November 2024
Department of Internal Medicine I, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Germany.
Objective: Cushing's syndrome (CS) results in increased cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality. Subtype-specific differences and possible reversibility after biochemical cure are not well investigated.
Design: Prospective cohort study evaluating the CV status in different forms of endogenous cortisol excess.
Mouse Model of Glucocorticoid-Induced Glaucoma.
Methods Mol Biol
October 2024
Gavin Herbert Eye Institute-Center for Translational Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, California, USA.
Article Synopsis
- Extended glucocorticoid treatment can cause ocular hypertension and lead to iatrogenic open-angle glaucoma, resembling primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
- Researchers have shown that weekly injections of dexamethasone-21-acetate in mice result in significant intraocular pressure (IOP) increase, retinal ganglion cell loss, and optic nerve damage.
- The mouse model exhibits key features of POAG and can be used to explore how glaucoma affects the trabecular meshwork and retinal ganglion cell axons, as well as to test new treatment methods.
Dexamethasone induces trabecular meshwork cell myofibroblast transdifferentiation through ARHGEF26.
FASEB J
August 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Glucocorticoid use may cause elevated intraocular pressure, leading to the development of glucocorticoid-induced glaucoma (GIG). However, the mechanism of GIG development remains incompletely understood. In this study, we subjected primary human trabecular meshwork cells (TMCs) and mice to dexamethasone treatment to mimic glucocorticoid exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFUnderstanding the Ocular Hypertension Model in Mice Induced by Dexamethasone-21-Acetate - Implications for Glaucoma Research.
Curr Eye Res
December 2024
Department of Ophthalmology, University Eye Hospital, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of monocular and bilateral injections of Dexamethasone-21-acetate (Dex-21-Ac) into the murine fornix twice a week as a glucocorticoid-induced ocular hypertension model and investigated potential systemic side effects.
Methods: Dex-21-Ac was administered twice weekly in three groups: bilateral injections, monocular injections, and a control group receiving the vehicle solution bilateral. After 21 days, enucleated eyes were examined using immunocytochemistry (ICC), and organ histology was performed.
Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?
Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!