Hypothyroxinemia with low levels of circulating free thyroxine and normal levels of thyrotropin, which is usually caused by iodine deficiency, may affect pregnant women even in apparently iodine-sufficient areas, and it is debated whether it increases the risk of neurodevelopmental abnormalities in children born to them. Epidemiological observations indeed indicate that this is the case. Animal models show abnormal brain cortical cytoarchitecture in pups born to mildly hypothyroxinemic dams. In regions where the availability and use of iodized salt is inadequate (where <90% of households use iodized salt), the WHO and the International Council for Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders (ICCIDD) recommend iodine supplementation so that the total iodine intake is 250 µg/day to prevent iodine deficiency during gestation and lactation.
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[Unveiling Hormonal Secrets].
Rev Fac Cien Med Univ Nac Cordoba
December 2024
IPS NEURUM. Departamento de Epidemiología.
Background: Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy negatively impacts both the woman and her offspring, with the early gestational period being critical for potential repercussions. Establishing pre-conception and during-conception care strategies is crucial for favorable pregnancy outcomes.
Objective: This review aims to compile the most recent scientific evidence to guide diagnostic and therapeutic approaches based on clinical cases, including a description of thyroid physiology during pregnancy and strategies for identifying high-risk patients for treatment.
Maternal Serum Iodine Concentrations in Early Pregnancy Exhibited Well Diagnostic Ability for Thyroid Dysfunction, Inverse Associations with Gestational Weight Gain, and Birth Size: Longitudinal Analyses Based on Huizhou Mother-Infant Cohort.
Biol Trace Elem Res
November 2024
Guangdong Province, Huizhou First Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Huizhou, 516000, People's Republic of China.
Article Synopsis
- The study investigates how maternal serum iodine concentrations (SIC) relate to thyroid function and various birth outcomes among pregnant women aged 18-45 in the Huizhou Mother-Infant Cohort.
- It includes a significant sample size of 1558 mothers, analyzing SIC and thyroid health using advanced testing methods, and features case-control studies comparing mothers with gestational diabetes and newborns with small for gestational age to healthy controls.
- Results show that high SIC in the first trimester is linked to a higher risk of small for gestational age babies and negatively affects gestational weight gain and birth size, while also indicating strong diagnostic potential for thyroid dysfunction.*
Investigating thyroid function and iodine status in adolescents with and without paediatric major depressive disorder.
Br J Nutr
September 2024
Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolic Epigenetics, Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich8092, Switzerland.
Depression has been associated with subclinical hypothyroidism and altered hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid axis functioning. Adequate iodine nutrition is essential for healthy thyroid functioning. We therefore determined associations of iodine and thyroid status with paediatric major depressive disorder (pMDD) among Swiss adolescents and explored whether associations are sex-specific and mediated by stress.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAssociation of maternal mild hypothyroidism in the first and third trimesters with obstetric and perinatal outcomes: a prospective cohort study.
Am J Obstet Gynecol
August 2024
International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Center for Reproductive Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of School of Medicine, International School of Medicine, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, China; Key Laboratory of Reproductive Genetics (Ministry of Education), Department of Reproductive Endocrinology, Women's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China; Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, Institute of Reproduction and Development, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproduction and Development, Shanghai, China; Research Units of Embryo Original Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (No. 2019RU056), Shanghai, China. Electronic address:
Background: Mild hypothyroidism, including subclinical hypothyroidism and isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia, is fairly common in pregnant women, but its impact on pregnancy outcomes is less clear, especially mild hypothyroidism in late pregnancy.
Objective: To evaluate the impact of subclinical hypothyroidism and isolated maternal hypothyroxinemia in the first and third trimesters, respectively, on obstetric and perinatal outcomes.
Study Design: This large prospective study was conducted at the International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital in Shanghai; 52,027 pregnant women who underwent the first-trimester antenatal screening at International Peace Maternity and Child Health Hospital were consecutively enrolled from January 2013 to December 2016.
Risk of Progression of Gestational Subclinical Hypothyroidism and Hypothyroxinemia to Overt Hypothyroidism After Pregnancy is Associated with Underlying Thyroid Autoimmunity.
Thyroid
September 2024
Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Nutrition & Weight Management, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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