Limited clinical utility of intraoperative frozen section during parathyroidectomy for treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism.

Background: This study's objective was to evaluate the utility of intraoperative frozen section (IFS) performed during parathyroidectomy for treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism (PHP), and to identify patients for whom it is most helpful.

Methods: A retrospective chart review was carried out for all patients who underwent parathyroidectomy for treatment of PHP between January 2013 and June 2018.

Results: 262 patients made up the final study population. Overall, IFS provided information that influenced the operative plan in 46 patients (17.6%). IFS altered the operative plan in 10.2% of cases that were correctly preoperatively localized, and in 41.5% of cases that were either incorrectly or not preoperatively localized.

Conclusions: IFS did not provide information that influenced the operative plan during parathyroidectomy for treatment of PHP for the majority of patients. Patients that present with normal PTH and hypercalcemia, or those who do not localize preoperatively, are most likely to benefit from IFS.