Consistency of Proximal-to-Distal Tapering of Descending Thoracic Aortic Diameter: Quantification Using a Novel Computer Tomography-based Assessment.

Background: Successful endovascular repair of thoracic aorta for type B aortic dissection requires correct stent-graft sizing, particularly of distal landing zone which is mainly based on operator experience. The present study aimed to quantitatively define proximal-to-distal tapering of descending thoracic aortic diameter and its consistency.

Methods: The novel parameter HDP (Hundred times Distance accounts for Percentage)-measured as distance from the distal end of the left subclavian artery to each level along the aortic central line/length from the distal end of the left subclavian artery to the proximal end of the celiac artery along the aortic central line × 100-was calculated per 1% unit of descending thoracic aorta based on 3-mensio software-derived measurements from 281 consecutive individuals who had undergone enhanced chest computer tomography scanning. Association between HDP and maximal diameter of descending thoracic aorta was assessed by using the generalized additive mixed model with smoothing function and threshold saturation effect analyses with generalized estimating equations. Nonadjusted and adjusted models were performed to illuminate its consistency.

Results: Three inflection levels (HDPs of 15.01, 36.63, and 77.74) were identified which allowed to divide the descending thoracic aorta into 4 segments. The taper was consistent before and after adjusting for age, sex, height, body mass index, hypertension, smoking habits, hyperlipidemia, and diabetes. Although 1% unit of descending thoracic aorta decreases, the maximal diameter reduces to 0.007 mm (-0.025, 0.010; P = 0.414) in the segment with HDP <15.01, to 0.151 mm (-0.158, -0.145; P < 0.001) in the segment with 15.01 ≤ HDP < 36.63, to 0.038 mm (-0.040, -0.036; P < 0.001) in the segment with 36.63 < HDP ≤ 77.74; and to 0.026 mm (-0.049, -0.002; P = 0.035) in the segment with HDP > 77.74, respectively.

Conclusions: The maximal diameter of descending thoracic aorta decreases gradually and consistently among individuals free of aortic diseases.