Since their first description by Sophie Spitz, Spitz nevi have been a subject of controversy among clinicians for many decades, and remain a clinical conundrum until today as their etiology, morphology, biological behavior and natural evolution is still not totally clear. This is because their clinical, dermoscopic and histopathologic features sometimes overlap with those of melanoma, rendering the management of spitzoid lesions particularly difficult. In addition, cases of histopatologically equivocal lesions do exist and their classification might sometimes be very challenging. Among several terms that have been used to describe these morphologically "intermediate" lesions, atypical Spitz tumor (AST) is the most widely used. The aim of this review paper was to describe the dermoscopic patterns and structures seen in Spitz/Reed nevi, spitzoid melanoma and AST. Finally, this article provides an evidence-based update on the available options for the management of spitzoid lesions, before and after histopathologic diagnosis.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.23736/S0392-0488.19.06294-1 | DOI Listing |
J Med Case Rep
September 2024
Orthopedic Surgery and Traymatology, Habib Bourguiba Hospital, Sfax, Tunisia.
Background: Melanoma is the most malignant skin tumor, with a high metastatic potential. Spitzoid melanoma is a subtype of melanoma requiring rapid management and extensive tumor resection. We have set the goal to recognize anatomical peculiarities and difficulties diagnoses posed by this type of tumor, as well as to recognize the management modalities, especially the surgical one, of malignant spitzoid melanoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg
October 2024
Plastic Surgery Unit, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Rd, Cambridge, UK.
Curr Oncol Rep
July 2024
Department of Cutaneous Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL, U.S.A.
Acta Dermatovenerol Croat
December 2023
Martina Lambertini, MD, Division of Dermatology, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, University of Bologna, Via Massarenti 1, 40100 Bologna, Italy;
Int J Mol Sci
January 2024
Dermatology Unit, Department of Medicine (DIMED), University of Padua, 35121 Padua, Italy.
Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma (PRAME), a member of the cancer/testis antigen family, is central to the field of skin cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. As a nuclear receptor and transcriptional regulator, PRAME plays a critical role in inhibiting retinoic acid signalling, which is essential for cell differentiation and proliferation. Its aberrant overexpression in various malignancies, particularly cutaneous melanoma, is associated with more aggressive tumour phenotypes, positioning PRAME as both a diagnostic and prognostic marker.
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