Background: Vertebral artery dissection (VAD) is a potentially catastrophic injury that may occur during sports participation. A comprehensive review is needed to collate documented cases to improve understanding and inform future preventative approaches.

Objective: This review aimed to understand the extent of VAD in sport and characterise trends suggestive of mechanisms of injury.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched using terms related to VAD and sport. Records were included if they described one or more cases of VAD attributed to sport.

Results: A total of 79 records described 128 individual cases of VAD in sport, of which 118 were confirmed by imaging or autopsy and included in analyses. Cases were attributed to 43 contact and non-contact sports. The median age of cases was 33 years (IQR 22-44), and 75% were male. There were 22 cases of fatal injury, of which ten involved an impact to the mastoid region and seven involved an impact to the head or neck. Non-fatal cases of VAD were attributed to impact to the head or neck (not mastoid region), movement or held position without impact, and in some cases no reported incident.

Conclusions: VAD attributed to sports participation is uncommonly reported and the mechanisms are varied. Impact to the mastoid region is consistently implicated in fatal cases and should be the focus of injury prevention strategies in sport. Efforts may also be directed at improving the prognosis of cases with delayed presentation through clinical recognition and imaging. The review was registered on the international prospective register for systematic reviews ( http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO ) (CRD42018090543).

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01066-0DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

vad sport
12
cases vad
12
vad attributed
12
mastoid region
12
cases
10
vertebral artery
8
artery dissection
8
sports participation
8
involved impact
8
impact mastoid
8

Similar Publications

Foods, dietary patterns, and risk of vascular dementia: a systematic review.

Nutr Metab (Lond)

December 2024

Human Nutrition and Exercise Research Centre, Centre for Healthier Lives, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.

Background: Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common cause of dementia globally and is associated with a significant economic and social burden. Diet could represent an important tractable risk factor for VaD. We synthesised current evidence on associations between consumption of specific foods or dietary patterns and VaD risk.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Prognostic value of repeated peak oxygen uptake measurements in patients with a left ventricular assist device.

J Heart Lung Transplant

February 2025

Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.

Background: Peak oxygen uptake (pVO) predicts mortality in patients with heart failure on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) support. This follow-up of the PRO-VAD study examines the prognostic value of repeated pVO measurements during long-term follow-up.

Methods: This multicenter follow-up study included patients from the original PRO-VAD cohort who performed a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) twice.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Vitamin A (VA) remains a core micronutrient as VA Deficiency (VAD) in children has persisted as a public health problem in parts of Africa with adverse effects. Caregivers of children are essential in the control of VAD; however, there is a paucity of data on their knowledge of VA, dietary sources, and VAD. This study sought to assess the level of VA-related nutrition knowledge (VANK) and its predictors among caregivers of preschool children in Eastern Uganda.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Vascular dementia: From pathobiology to emerging perspectives.

Ageing Res Rev

April 2024

School of Science, Engineering and Environment, University of Salford Manchester, Salford M5 4NT, United Kingdom.

Vascular dementia (VaD) is the second most common type of dementia. VaD is synonymous with ageing, and its symptoms place a significant burden on the health and wellbeing of older people. Despite the identification of a substantial number of risk factors for VaD, the pathological mechanisms underpinning this disease remain to be fully elucidated.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

We showed an association between atrial fibrillation and rare loss-of-function (LOF) variants in the cardiac splicing regulator RBM20 in 2 independent cohorts. In a rat model with loss of , we demonstrated altered splicing of sarcomere genes (, , , and ), and differential expression in key cardiac genes. We identified altered sarcomere and mitochondrial structure on electron microscopy imaging and found compromised mitochondrial function.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!