We report a simple protocol for the photochemical Giese addition of C(sp )-centered radicals to a variety of electron-poor olefins. The chemistry does not require external photoredox catalysts. Instead, it harnesses the excited-state reactivity of 4-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines (4-alkyl-DHPs) to generate alkyl radicals. Crucial for reactivity is the use of a catalytic amount of Ni(bpy) (bpy=2,2'-bipyridyl), which acts as an electron mediator to facilitate the redox processes involving fleeting and highly reactive intermediates.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.201814497 | DOI Listing |
Biophys Rev
December 2024
Randall Centre for Cell & Molecular Biophysics, New Hunt's House, Guy's Campus, King's College London, London, UK.
Calcium binding to troponin triggers the contraction of skeletal and heart muscle through structural changes in the thin filaments that allow myosin motors from the thick filaments to bind to actin and drive filament sliding. Here, we review studies in which those changes were determined in demembranated fibres of skeletal and heart muscle using fluorescence for in situ structure (FISS), which determines domain orientations using polarised fluorescence from bifunctional rhodamine attached to cysteine pairs in the target domain. We describe the changes in the orientations of the N-terminal lobe of troponin C (TnC) and the troponin IT arm in skeletal and cardiac muscle cells associated with contraction and compare the orientations with those determined in isolated cardiac thin filaments by cryo-electron microscopy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCRISPR-Cas12a is widely used for genome editing and biomarker detection since it can create targeted double-stranded DNA breaks and promote non-specific DNA cleavage after identifying specific DNA. To mitigate the off-target DNA cleavage of Cas12a, we previously developed a Cas12a variant (FnoCas12a ) by introducing double proline substitutions (K969P/D970P) in a conserved helix called the bridge helix (BH). In this work, we used cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) to understand the molecular mechanisms of BH- mediated activation of Cas12a.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrit Rev Food Sci Nutr
January 2025
School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
Coenzyme Q acts as a liposoluble quinone compound in mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation, serving as an electron carrier and protecting the cell membrane structure as an antioxidant. Coenzyme Q has notable health benefits, including anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, prevention of cardiovascular diseases, and assistance in cancer treatment. However, its poor water solubility, unstable chemical properties, and low bioavailability significantly limit its application.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNat Chem Biol
January 2025
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Regulatory Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences and School of Life Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China.
Voltage-gated ion channels (VGICs) are crucial targets for neuropsychiatric therapeutics owing to their role in controlling neuronal excitability and the established link between their dysfunction and neurological diseases, highlighting the importance of identifying modulators with distinct mechanisms. Here we report two small-molecule modulators with the same chemical scaffold, Ebio2 and Ebio3, targeting a potassium channel KCNQ2, with opposite effects: Ebio2 acts as a potent activator, whereas Ebio3 serves as a potent and selective inhibitor. Guided by cryogenic electron microscopy, patch-clamp recordings and molecular dynamics simulations, we reveal that Ebio3 attaches to the outside of the inner gate, employing a unique non-blocking inhibitory mechanism that directly squeezes the S6 pore helix to inactivate the KCNQ2 channel.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Infect Dis
January 2025
Department of Pharmaceutical Engg.Tech, IIT-Banaras Hindu University,Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh 221005, India.
The type II NADH-dehydrogenase enzyme in plays a critical role in the efficient functioning of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. It acts as the entry point for electrons in the electron transport chain, which is essential for fulfilling the energy requirements of both replicating and nonreplicating mycobacterial species. Due to the absence of the type II NADH-dehydrogenase enzyme in mammalian mitochondria, targeting the type II NADH-dehydrogenase enzyme for antitubercular drug discovery could be a vigilant approach.
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