A recent study by Saunders, Richard, Margolis, and Janak (2018) shows that there is a great deal left to learn about what different mesotelencephalic dopamine circuits contribute to learning about the motivational significance of reward-related cues. Their findings suggest that nigrostriatal and mesolimbic dopamine pathways support distinct reinforcement processes that independently push and pull animals toward their goals.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13420-018-0370-x | DOI Listing |
Sports Biomech
January 2025
Graduate School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Ueda, Nagano, Japan.
We aimed to investigate whether a linear relationship exists between swimming velocity and vertical body position for each stroke phase in front crawl, and to determine whether there are differences in the velocity effect among the stroke phases. Eleven male swimmers performed a 15 m front crawl at various swimming velocities. The whole-body centre of mass (CoM) was estimated from individual digital human models using inverse kinematics.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAdv Healthc Mater
January 2025
School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of South China, Hengyang, 421001, China.
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a powerful strategy for tumor therapy with noninvasiveness and desirable efficacy. However, the phototoxicity of photosensitizer after the post-PDT is the major obstacle limiting the clinic applications. Herein, a nitric oxide (NO)-activatable photosensitizer is reported with turn-on PDT behavior and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) targeting ability for precise tumor therapy.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMaterials (Basel)
December 2024
Department of Building Structures and Structural Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45A, 15-351 Bialystok, Poland.
The lifecycle of wind turbine blades is around 20-25 years. This makes studies on the reuse of dismantled blades an urgent need for our generation; however, their recycling is very difficult due to the specific makeup of their composite material. In this study, the authors determined a concept for the reuse of turbine blade sections filled with concrete for geotechnical structures, retaining the walls, piles, or parts of their foundations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsects
December 2024
Julius-Kuehn Institute, Koenigin-Luise-Str. 19, 14195 Berlin, Germany.
Maize productivity has remained low and has worsened in the wake of a changing climate, resulting in new invasive pests, with pests that were earlier designated as minor becoming major and with pathogens being transported by pests and/or entering their feeding sites. A study was conducted in 2021 in the Kisumu and Makueni counties, Kenya, to determine how different maize cropping systems affect insect diversity, insect damage to maize, and insects' ability to spread mycotoxigenic fungi in pre-harvest maize. The field experiments used a randomized complete block design, with the four treatments being maize monocrop, maize intercropped with beans, maize-bean intercrop with the addition of at planting, and push-pull technology.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFACS Nano
January 2025
State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518055, China.
Biofilm-induced chronic bacterial infections represent a significant challenge in modern medicine due to their resistance to conventional antibiotic treatments. Although photodynamic therapy (PDT) has emerged as a promising antibiotic-free antibacterial strategy, the hypoxic condition within biofilms and the lack of an effective local drug delivery system have limited the clinical effectiveness of photosensitizer (PS) agents. Herein, we propose a type of charge regulation-enhanced type I PS-loaded hydrogel dressing for treating biofilm infection.
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