Bioacoustical data are useful for studying amphibians, especially their conservation, taxonomy, and evolution, among others. Of the 12 species of the clade, only and have no published information about their advertisement calls. We recorded four males of in its type locality at Parque Nacional do Itatiaia, south-eastern Brazil. We used a Roland R26 digital recorder with a Sennheiser ME-67 microphone and analysed the recordings using the Raven Pro 1.5 software. We recorded two different types of calls (call A and call B). Both were composed of one pulsed note and presented a slightly ascending-descending frequency modulation. Call A was more frequent, having durations between 0.042 and 0.093 s with the dominant frequency ranging from 3375.0 to 3937.5 Hz, and was composed of 11 to 21 pulses separated by intervals that were not fully silent. Call B had durations between 0.711 and 1.610 s, with dominant frequency from 3281.2 to 3750.0 Hz, and was composed of 11 to 29 pulses separated by fully silent intervals. Among the clade, the calls of are more similar to those of , , , and B.aff.beckeri. The calls of differ from these species in its lower dominant frequency. present a short, single-note call with a lower pulse period (call A) and a long call with higher pulse period (call B), which differ from the other species of the clade. The coefficients of variation for the various bioacoustical attributes were calculated within- and between-males and these have been discussed. We also report a fight event between two males of . This is the first report of a fight in members of the clade.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.820.30711 | DOI Listing |
BMC Health Serv Res
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Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA.
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Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Federal Rural University of the Amazon - UFRA, Belém, PA, Brazil.
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Institute of Systems Motor Science, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Center for Brain, Behavior, and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Center of Rare Diseases, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Lübeck, Germany. Electronic address:
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Environmental Health Sciences, College of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany, Rensselaer, NY, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Integrated Health Sciences, University at Albany, State University of New York, Rensselaer, NY, USA. Electronic address:
There is growing concern that exposure to per/polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), persistent chemicals used widely to make consumer products water- or grease-proof, may alter immune function, leading to reduced vaccine response or greater susceptibility to infections. We investigated associations between two legacy PFAS (PFOA and PFOS) and infant cytokine levels measured in newborn dried bloodspots (NDBS) from a large population-based birth cohort in Upstate New York, to determine whether exposure to legacy PFAS is associated with variability in cytokine profiles in newborns. We performed adjusted mixed effects regressions for each cytokine against PFOS and PFOA followed by exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on specific cytokine subsets selected via the prior regressions.
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