An ionic liquid, 1-allyl-3-methylimidazolium methyl phosphonate (Amim(MeO)PHO), was synthesized and used to dissolve and regenerate cellulose under mild conditions. The dissolution mechanism of cellulose in Amim(MeO)PHO was investigated by in situ NMR spectroscopy under different conditions. Inorganic salt NaPHO with an anion structure similar to that of Amim(MeO)PHO was added to form a NaPHO/Amim(MeO)PHO composite system. The effects of the composite system on the cellulose structure were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, and the measurement of the degree of polymerization. The results indicated that the regenerated cellulose was not derivatized; however, its thermal stability, crystallinity, and DP were lower than that of the original cellulose. Therefore, the dissolution mechanism of cellulose in Amim(MeO)PHO, and its composite system with NaPHO was investigated in this study, which might provide a simple guide for designing efficient and safe ionic liquids for the dissolution of cellulose.
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