First Report of Branched Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) on Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus), Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis), and Wild Vetch (Vicia spp.) in Northern Greece.

Plant Dis

Eleftherohorinos, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, School of Agriculture, Laboratory of Agronomy, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece.

Published: October 2011

Branched broomrape (Orobanche ramosa L.) is a chlorophyll-lacking, root parasitic plant that infects many crops and wild species (2). Plants are densely hairy with minute, glandular hairs, particularly on flowers and upper stems. Stems are erect, often branched just above the ground, and brown to straw yellow. Leaves are sparse, triangular, dark brown or purple, and arranged alternately mainly near the base of the stem. Flowers are numerous, arranged along an upright spike with a lance-shaped bract beneath the flower (about a third of the length of the flower). Petals are pale blue to purple and united into a slender tube approximately 15 mm long with two lips, the upper divided into two lobes and the lower into three lobes. The flowers have two short and two long stamens. During 2010 and 2011, a severe broomrape infection was found in an oilseed rape (Brassica napus L., cvs. Nelson and W31) crop on light-textured soil in northern Greece (Paralimnio-Serres, 41°01'N, 23°32'E, 40 m above sea level), where oriental tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L.), a susceptible host of branched broomrape, was grown 20 years ago. The field had been cultivated with oilseed rape for three consecutive seasons in rotation with sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). The infestation of the oilseed rape crop was confirmed in April by digging in the soil (25 to 30 cm deep) to verify attachment of the broomrape to roots of the crop plants. Density of the broomrape ranged from 20 to 120 stems per m and broomrape stems were 15 to 30 cm tall. Yield losses were estimated at 30 to 60%. In 2011, branched broomrape was found parasitizing wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) growing as a weed in the oilseed rape field. Attachment of the broomrape was verified on a lateral root of the wild mustard plant near the soil surface, 0.95 m from the main root of the weed. Additionally, branched broomrape was found in April 2010 and 2011 parasitizing wild vetch (Vicia spp.) growing in field margins at the Cotton and Industrial Plants Institute-National Agricultural Research Foundation (Sindos, 40°41'N, 22°48'E, 17 m above sea level). The parasitized vetch plants were growing on light-textured soil. Attachment of the broomrape to roots of the host plants was verified at a 5-cm soil depth. Stems of the parasite were short (7 to 10 cm). The monthly mean air temperature for February (7.3°C), March (9.6°C), and April (14.1°C) and mean soil temperature at a 10-cm depth for February (7.0°C), March (9.5°C), and April (13.4°C), before verification of the broomrape infestation at Sindos, were much lower than the temperature range reported (18 to 23°C) for branched broomrape infestations (1). To our knowledge, this is the first report of O. ramosa on oilseed rape, wild mustard, and wild vetch in northern Greece. Since branched broomrape could be a significant parasite for oilseed rape, which was introduced to Greece as a commercial crop 5 years ago, measures should be taken to avoid significant yield losses from this parasitic plant. References: (1) I. Faithfull and D. McLaren. Landcare Note LC0272. Department of Sustainability and Environment, State of Victoria, Melbourne, Australia, 2004. (2) C. Parker. Pest Manag. Sci. 65:453, 2009.

Download full-text PDF

Source
http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-06-11-0462DOI Listing

Publication Analysis

Top Keywords

branched broomrape
28
oilseed rape
28
wild mustard
16
broomrape
14
wild vetch
12
northern greece
12
attachment broomrape
12
broomrape orobanche
8
orobanche ramosa
8
ramosa oilseed
8

Similar Publications

Branched broomrape ( (L.) Pomel), an obligate parasitic weed with a wide host range, is known for its devasting effects on many crops worldwide. Soil fungi, notably sp.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Results of previous research on chemigated imazamox for control of branched broomrape () in processing tomatoes suggested potential soil-type differences in imazamox availability. Over two years, there were differences in crop-injury between two sites less than 30-km apart: imazamox-treated tomatoes in the Davis location had relatively minor early season injury while tomatoes at the Woodland location were severely injured or killed. The following study was conducted to investigate imazamox sorption in four California soils to determine if differences in herbicide adsorption played a role in variable crop-injury observed in the field trials.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The Evaluation of Debranone Series Strigolactone Agonists for Germination Stimulants in Species.

J Agric Food Chem

September 2024

Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan.

Article Synopsis
  • Strigolactones (SLs) are plant hormones that manage shoot branching and trigger germination in harmful root parasitic weeds, posing risks to agriculture.
  • SL agonists like debranones show promise in promoting suicidal germination of these weeds, particularly in crops like rice.
  • The study found that certain debranones, especially those with specific chemical modifications, effectively induce germination in these weeds, outperforming a known SL compound (GR24) in biological assays.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Tomato Mutants Reveal Root and Shoot Strigolactone Involvement in Branching and Broomrape Resistance.

Plants (Basel)

June 2024

Department of Genetics, Alexander Silberman Institute of Life Sciences, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel.

The phytohormones strigolactones (SLs) control root and shoot branching and are exuded from roots into the rhizosphere to stimulate interaction with mycorrhizal fungi. The exuded SLs serve as signaling molecules for the germination of parasitic plants. The broomrape is a widespread noxious weed in various crop plants, including tomato ().

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Orobanche is a serious parasite affecting faba beans in the Mediterranean, causing significant yield losses, making the development of tolerant genotypes essential for food security amid rising global populations.
  • A study involving seven faba bean lines and four testers revealed considerable variation and diversity among genotypes under both Orobanche-free and infested conditions, with certain lines (Line1, Line2, Line3, Line5) showing the best performance against the parasite.
  • Specific cross combinations demonstrated promising results in terms of seed yield and traits related to Orobanche resistance, with certain crosses also effectively reducing the parasite's dry weight, validated by GGE biplot analysis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Want AI Summaries of new PubMed Abstracts delivered to your In-box?

Enter search terms and have AI summaries delivered each week - change queries or unsubscribe any time!