Microbial kinetics and thermodynamic (MKT) processes for soil organic matter decomposition and dynamic oxidation-reduction potential: Model descriptions and applications to soil NO emissions.

A conversion of the global terrestrial carbon sink to a source is critically dependent on the microbially mediated decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM). We have developed a detailed, process-based, mechanistic model for simulating SOM decomposition and its associated processes, based on Microbial Kinetics and Thermodynamics, called the MKT model. We formulated the sequential oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) and chemical reactions undergoing at the soil-water zone using dual Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Soil environmental variables, as required in the MKT model, are simulated using one of the most widely used watershed-scale models - the soil water assessment tool (SWAT). The MKT model was calibrated and validated using field-scale data of soil temperature, soil moisture, and NO emissions from three locations in the province of Saskatchewan, Canada. The model evaluation statistics show good performance of the MKT model for daily soil NO simulations. The results show that the proposed MKT model can perform better than the more widely used process-based and SWAT-based models for soil NO simulations. This is because the multiple processes of microbial activities and environmental constraints, which govern the availability of substrates to enzymes were explicitly represented. Most importantly, the MKT model represents a step forward from conceptual carbon pools at varying rates.