In Pleurodeles waltlii, peptidase-1 is a dimeric enzyme which has been shown to be controlled by two codominant alleles, Pep-1A and Pep-1B (Ferrier et al., 1980, 1983), linked respectively to the Z and W sex chromosomes. The enzymatic patterns obtained after starch gel electrophoresis were used routinely to identify the sexual genotypes of animals reared in our laboratory. We describe here three new patterns that were encountered in standard females, in sex-reversed animals and in thelygenous females. The inheritance data indicated the occurrence of a third codominant allele, Pep-1 beta, linked to the W sex chromosome. The discovery of this new allele does not impair peptidase-1 polymorphism as a reliable tool for ZZ, ZW and WW genotype identification.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/rnd:19880610 | DOI Listing |
Front Cell Neurosci
January 2015
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt.
Following spinal lesion, connections between the supra-spinal centers and spinal neuronal networks can be disturbed, which causes the deterioration or even the complete absence of sublesional locomotor activity. In mammals, possibilities of locomotion restoration are much reduced since descending tracts either have very poor regenerative ability or do not regenerate at all. However, in lower vertebrates, there is spontaneous locomotion recuperation after complete spinal cord transection at the mid-trunk level.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neurophysiol
March 2015
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 862-Neurocentre Magendie, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux Cedex, France; and.
In tetrapods, limb and axial movements are coordinated during locomotion. It is well established that inter- and intralimb coordination show considerable variations during ongoing locomotion. Much less is known about the flexibility of the axial musculoskeletal system during locomotion and the neural mechanisms involved.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFNeuroscience
August 2014
Neurocentre Magendie, INSERM U 862 - Université de Bordeaux, 146 rue Léo Saignat, F-33077 Bordeaux Cedex, France. Electronic address:
Most investigations into the role of the body axis in vertebrate locomotion have focused on the trunk, although in most tetrapods, the tail also plays an active role. In salamanders, the tail contributes to propulsion during swimming and to dynamic balance and maneuverability during terrestrial locomotion. The aim of the present study was to obtain information concerning the neural mechanisms that produce tail muscle contractions during locomotion in the salamander Pleurodeles waltlii.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiol Cybern
October 2013
Biorobotics Laboratory, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, Station 14, 1015 , Lausanne, VD, Switzerland,
The evolutionary transition from water to land required new locomotor modes and corresponding adjustments of the spinal "central pattern generators" for locomotion. Salamanders resemble the first terrestrial tetrapods and represent a key animal for the study of these changes. Based on recent physiological data from salamanders, and previous work on the swimming, limbless lamprey, we present a model of the basic oscillatory network in the salamander spinal cord, the spinal segment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Cell Neurosci
July 2011
Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University Alexandria, Egypt.
Fibroblast growth factor-2 is a pleiotrophic cytokine with neurotrophic and gliogenic properties. It is known to regulate CNS injury responses, which include transformation of reactive astrocytes, neurogenesis, and promotion of neurotrophic activities. In the brain, it is localized in astrocytes and discrete neuronal populations.
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