is a ubiquitous saprophytic fungus found in soils across the world. The fungus is the major producer of aflatoxin (AF) B₁, which is toxic and a potent carcinogen to humans. Aflatoxin B₁ (AFB₁) is often detected in agricultural crops such as corn, peanut, almond, and pistachio. It is a serious and recurrent problem and causes substantial economic losses. WRL-076 was identified as an effective biocontrol yeast against . In this study, the associated molecular mechanisms of biocontrol were investigated. We found that the expression levels of eight genes, , , , , , , , and in the aflatoxin biosynthetic pathway cluster were suppressed. The decreases ranged from several to 10,000 fold in fungal samples co-cultured with . Expression levels of conidiation regulatory genes , , and as well as sclerotial regulatory gene () were all down regulated. Consistent with the decreased gene expression levels, aflatoxin concentrations in cultural medium were reduced to barely detectable. Furthermore, fungal biomass and conidial number were significantly reduced by 60% and more than 95%, respectively. The results validate the biocontrol efficacy of WRL-076 observed in the field experiments.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11020081 | DOI Listing |
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