The pharmacokinetics, PK/PD ratios, and Monte Carlo modeling of enrofloxacin HCl-2H O (Enro-C) and its reference preparation (Enro-R) were determined in cows. Fifty-four Jersey cows were randomly assigned to six groups receiving a single IM dose of 10, 15, or 20 mg/kg of Enro-C (Enro-C , Enro-C , Enro-C ) or Enro-R. Serial serum samples were collected and enrofloxacin concentrations quantified. A composite set of minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Leptospira spp. was utilized to calculate PK/PD ratios: maximum serum concentration/MIC (C /MIC ) and area under the serum vs. time concentration of enrofloxacin/MIC (AUC /MIC ). Monte Carlo simulations targeted C /MIC = 10 and AUC /MIC = 125. Mean C obtained were 6.17 and 2.46 μg/ml; 8.75 and 3.54 μg/ml; and 13.89 and 4.25 μg/ml, respectively for Enro-C and Enro-R. C /MIC ratios were 6.17 and 2.46, 8.75 and 3.54, and 13.89 and 4.25 for Enro-C and Enro-R, respectively. Monte Carlo simulations based on C /MIC = 10 indicate that only Enro-C and Enro-C may be useful to treat leptospirosis in cows, predicting a success rate ≥95% when MIC = 0.5 μg/ml, and ≥80% when MIC = 1.0 μg/ml. Although Enro-C and Enro-C may be useful to treat leptospirosis in cattle, clinical trials are necessary to confirm this proposal.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jvp.12748 | DOI Listing |
J Vet Sci
November 2024
Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City 04510, México.
Importance: Enrofloxacin preparations are available for administration daily or every 3 days. This study presents clinical evidence to define which preparation is adequate to treat clinical cases of bovine respiratory disease (BRD) in calves.
Objective: To correlate the pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics (PK/PD) ratios of three pharmaceutical preparations of enrofloxacin with their clinical efficacy in treating BRD.
J Vet Sci
January 2024
Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México City 04510, México.
Background: Chronic bovine mastitis is linked to biofilm-producing (bp-Sa) or coagulase-negative (bp-Scn).
Objectives: Bp-Sa and bp-Scn were treated with intramammary preparations of either enrofloxacin HCl·2HO-dimethyl-sulfoxide-chitosan (enro-C/DMSO/chitosan) or enro-C alone. Their potential to inhibit and degrade biofilm formation was also assessed.
Animals (Basel)
September 2022
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Av. Universidad 3000, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics ratios of enrofloxacin HCl-2HO (enro-C) in cows to treat bovine leptospirosis prompted this clinical trial in the highlands (HL) and the tropics (TL) in Mexico. In the HL, 111 Holstein-Friesian cows were included and 38 F1 Zebu-Holstein/Friesians in the TL. Affected cows were randomly divided into two treatment groups, both in the HL and TL.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Vet Sci
November 2021
Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
Background: Recurrent subclinical mastitis (RScM) due to resistant bacteria has low clinical and bacteriological cure rates, often requiring the culling of cows. The sequential intra-mammary administration of enrofloxacin hydrochloride-dihydrate (enro-C) followed by ceftiofur HCl may be useful for treating these cases.
Objectives: This study assessed the bacteriological and clinical cure-efficacies of the sequentially intramammary administration of enro-C, followed by ceftiofur HCl to treat RScM in Holstein/Friesian cows.
Animals (Basel)
May 2020
Departamento de Fisiología y Farmacologia, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Coyoacan, Mexico City 04510, Mexico.
An outpatient clinical trial on unresponsive deep-bacterial canine pyoderma (UDCP), without a control group, is presented. The chosen treatment was implemented with a new crystal-solvate of enrofloxacin (enrofloxacin HCl-2HO or enro-C), in a dual scheme, i.e.
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