Swiss-CHAT's playful approach to public rationing can be considered in terms of deliberative process design as well as in terms of health policy. The process' forced negotiation of trade-offs exposed unexamined driving questions, and challenged prevalent presumptions about health care demand and about conditions of public reasoning that enable transparent rationing. While the experiment provided grounds for optimism that public deliberation can contribute to the design of fair insurance service-packages, it also left unanswered questions. What are the ethical and policy implications of non-consensuses? What is the presumed relationship between process and justice of outcome?
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http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijhpm.2018.86 | DOI Listing |
Pharmacoeconomics
December 2024
Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK.
Current approaches to the pricing and funding of new pharmaceuticals often focus on a one-time decision about a product for each clinical indication. This can result in multiple options being available to health systems without a clear signal about how to prioritise between them. This runs the risk that, as available treatments, evidence, and drug prices evolve, clinical and patient choices may not be aligned with the objective of allocating resources to promote population health.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Neuroeng Rehabil
November 2024
Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) may lead to difficulty maintaining postural stability and balance during locomotion. This heightened susceptibility to falls is particularly evident during tasks such as obstacle negotiation, which demands efficient motor planning and reallocation of attentional resources. This study proposed a multi-objective optimal control (MOOC) technique to assess the changes in motor control strategies during obstacle negotiation in older people affected by amnestic MCI.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFProc Biol Sci
October 2024
Department of Biology, Indiana State University, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA.
Animal personality differences may have evolved as alternative strategies for negotiating multiple stressor landscapes. Indeed, ecologists are increasingly recognizing that interactions among multiple stressors can transform selective landscapes and behavioural and physiological responses to stress regimes. Yet, evaluating this hypothesis poses challenges, as most studies involving relationships between personality variation and the environment consider single stressors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSci Rep
October 2024
Institute for Cognitive and Brain Science, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran.
Decision to explore new options with uncertain outcomes or exploit familiar options with known outcomes is a fundamental challenge that the brain faces in almost all real-life decisions. Previous studies have shown that humans use two main explorative strategies to negotiate this explore-exploit tradeoff. Exploring for the sake of information is called directed exploration, and exploration driven by behavioral variability is known as random exploration.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Biosoc Sci
September 2024
School of Anthropology and Museum Ethnography, The University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
Contraceptive side effects are consistently given as the main reason why women are dissatisfied with contraception or choose not to use it. However, why some women suffer more from side effects remains unknown. Through inductive analysis of in-depth interviews and focus group discussions with 40 contraceptive users and 3 key informants in Central Oromia, Ethiopia, we explored women's rationales for variation in side-effect experiences.
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