Laboratory of Molecular and Applied Immunology, Bar-Ilan University, The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Ramat-Gan, Israel.
Published: June 2019
AI Article Synopsis
Article Abstract
The process of mechanotransduction, that is, conversion of physical forces into biochemical signaling cascades, has attracted interest as a potential mechanism for regulating immune cell activation. The cytoskeleton serves a critical role in a variety of lymphocyte functions, from cellular activation, proliferation, adhesion, and migration, to creation of stable immune synapses, and execution of functions such as directed cytotoxicity. Though traditionally considered a scaffold that enables formation of signaling complexes that maintain stable immune synapses, the cytoskeleton was additionally shown to play a dynamic role in lymphocyte signaling cascades by sensing physical cues such as substrate rigidity, and transducing these mechanical features into chemical signals that ultimately influence lymphocyte effector functions. It is thus becoming clear that cytoskeletal dynamics are essential for the lymphocyte response, beyond the role of the cytoskeleton as a stationary framework. Here, we describe the transduction of extracellular forces to activate signaling pathways and effector functions mediated through the cytoskeleton in lymphocytes. We also highlight recent discoveries of cytoskeleton-mediated mechanotransduction on intracellular signaling pathways in NK cells.
Key Laboratory of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity (Ministry of Education) and Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
The axolotl, a legendary creature with the potential to regenerate complex body parts, is positioned as a powerful model organism due to its extraordinary regenerative capabilities. Axolotl can undergo successful regeneration of multiple structures, providing us with the opportunity to understand the factors that exhibit altered activity between regenerative and non-regenerative animals. This comprehensive review will explore the mysteries of axolotl regeneration, from the initial cellular triggers to the intricate signaling cascades that guide this complex process.
School of Marine Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biocontrol/Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal Engineering & Guangdong Provincial Observation and Research Station for Marine Ranching of the Lingdingyang Bay, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
Stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a key connector protein in interferon (IFN) signaling, crucial for IFN induction during the activation of antiviral innate immunity. In mammals, ring finger protein 5 (RNF5) functions as an E3 ubiquitin ligase, mediating STING regulation through K150 ubiquitylation to prevent excessive IFN production. However, the mechanisms underlying RNF5's regulation of STING in teleost fish remain unknown.
TLR4 stands at the forefront of innate immune responses, recognizing various pathogen- associated molecular patterns and endogenous ligands, thus serving as a pivotal mediator in the immune system's defense against infections and tissue damage. Beyond its canonical role in infection, emerging evidence highlights TLR4's involvement in numerous non-infectious human diseases, ranging from metabolic disorders to neurodegenerative conditions and cancer. Targeting TLR4 signaling pathways presents a promising therapeutic approach with broad applicability across these diverse pathological states.
Background: Tumor recurrence or metastasis after surgery is a significant factor influencing bladder cancer (BC) prognosis. Novel molecular biomarkers are necessary to determine each patient's specific outcome because current biomarkers have limited power for predicting prognosis. The proto-oncogene MET encodes c-MET, a tyrosine kinase receptor.
We speak with Chunzhao Zhao about his enthusiasm to become a scientist and his scientific interest in understanding plant stress resistance to facilitate crop breeding. He discusses his lab's recent Cell Reports paper on FERONIA-mediated phosphorylation cascade in abscisic acid signaling and seed germination.
