THE ROLE OF PRO12ALA POLYMORPHISM OF THE PPAR-Γ GENE IN THE GENESIS OF THE GESTATIONAL WEIGHT GAIN.

The aim of this study was to determine the role of Pro12Ala polymorphism of the PPAR-γ gene, associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, in the genesis of gestational weight gain (GWG). We performed anthropometry, the determination of GWG, the study of PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism, the concentration of markers of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in 97 pregnant women with normal body weight before pregnancy (55.2±4.8 kg, body mass index 20.3±1.5 kg/m2). The recommended GWG was diagnosed in 33 (34.0±4.8%), insufficient in 19 (19.6±4.0%), and excessive in 45 (46.4±5.1%) patients, according to the recommendations of the Institute of Medicine (USA, 2009) and the Order of the Ministry of Health of Ukraine № 417 (2011). The PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism was determined by a molecular genetic study. "Statistica 6.0" was used. The frequency of Ala-allele carriers is 0.28. We studied that GWG is 1.6 times higher in women with PPAR-γ Pro12Ala polymorphism, than the Pro/Pro genotype (p<0.05). The frequency of Ala-alleles carriers in a group of excessive GWG 2.6 times (OR 3.2; 95% Cl 1.1-9.3; p<0.05) higher compared to normal weight gain patients. In pregnant women with Ala12 polymorphism concentration of triglycerides (p<0.05), cholesterol (p<0.05) are increased and no differences in glucose level (p>0.05), insulin level (p>0.05), and HOMO-IR index (p>0.05) compared to women with Pro/Pro genotype. The insulin concentration in PPAR-γ Ala12 carriers at the end of pregnancy was 1.4 times higher than the early terms (p<0.01) on the background of normoglycemia and the normal HOMO-IR index. The modified transcriptional activity of PPAR-γ gene, associated with lipid and carbohydrate metabolism, has a direct effect on the weight gain during pregnancy. Excessive GWG can serve as a marker for the maternal genotype and genetic predisposition to the development of metabolic diseases after delivery.