AI Article Synopsis
- * This low oxygen condition is linked to increased spread of cancer (metastasis) and higher mortality rates, mainly by promoting the formation of breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs).
- * BCSCs are a small group of cells that can renew themselves and are associated with treatment resistance, recurrence, and metastasis; this review explores how HIFs influence BCSC development in response to low oxygen levels or chemotherapy.
Article Abstract
Clinical studies have revealed that breast cancers contain regions of intratumoral hypoxia (reduced oxygen availability), which activates hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs). The relationship between intratumoral hypoxia, distant metastasis and cancer mortality has been well established. A major mechanism by which intratumoral hypoxia contributes to disease progression is through induction of the breast cancer stem cell (BCSC) phenotype. BCSCs are a small subpopulation of cells with the capability for self-renewal. BCSCs have been implicated in resistance to chemotherapy, disease recurrence, and metastasis. In this review, we will discuss our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying HIF-dependent induction of the BCSC phenotype in response to hypoxia or chemotherapy.
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| http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/bs.acr.2018.11.001 | DOI Listing |
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