Culturally relevant risk and protective factors for nonmedical use of prescription opioids among incarcerated African American men.

Background: Recent studies have demonstrated that nonmedical use of prescription opioids (NMUPO) is a national phenomenon affecting a multitude of subpopulations, including incarcerated African American men. However, there has been little investigation of the correlates of NMUPO among this population.

Objective: Grounded in primary socialization theory, the current study aimed to examine the association between family bonds, family history of prescription drug misuse, and mental health symptoms on NMUPO among African American incarcerated men.

Method: A step-wise logistic regression was conducted to determine whether family and mental health factors affected the likelihood of lifetime NMUPO.

Results: Prescription drug misuse among immediate family members (p < 0.001) and lifetime experience of serious anxiety (p = 0.003) were significantly associated with an increased likelihood of NMUPO. Having a close personal relationship with one's father was significantly associated with a decreased likelihood of NMUPO (p = 0.034).

Conclusions/importance: Risk and protective factors are identified that can be incorporated into interventions aimed at reducing or preventing NMUPO among African American men. Directions for future research on NMUPO among African American incarcerated men are discussed.