Background: To investigate if depth of invasion (DOI) can predict occult nodal disease in patients with cT1-2N0 (7th TNM) oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) staged by sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB).
Methods: In 199 OSCC patients, DOI measurements and SLNB were performed.
Results: Metastases were found in 64 of 199 patients (32%). Of these 64 patients, the mean DOI was 6.6 mm compared to 4.7 mm in patients without metastases (P = .003). The ROC-curve showed an area under the curve of 0.65 with a most optimal cutoff point of 3.4 mm DOI (sensitivity 83% and specificity 47%). Regional metastases were found in 15% of patients with DOI ≤ 3.4 mm.
Conclusion: DOI seems to be a poor predictor for regional metastasis in patients with cT1-2N0 OSCC. Therefore, staging of the neck using SLNB in patients with early stage oral cancer should also be performed in tumors with limited DOI and probably in T3 (8th TNM) OSCC ≤4 cm diameter.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.25665 | DOI Listing |
Am J Sports Med
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Department of Pharmacology and Biostatistics, College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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Midwest Orthopaedics at Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Am J Sports Med
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Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA.
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Am J Sports Med
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Section of Young Adult Hip Surgery, Division of Sports Medicine, Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Am J Sports Med
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Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Background: Selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) are small-molecule compounds that exert agonist and antagonist effects on androgen receptors in a tissue-specific fashion. Because of their performance-enhancing implications, SARMs are increasingly abused by athletes. To date, SARMs have no Food and Drug Administration approved use, and recent case reports associate the use of SARMs with deleterious effects such as drug-induced liver injury, myocarditis, and tendon rupture.
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