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Int J Pharm
School of Pharmacy, University of Otago, 18 Frederick St, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand. Electronic address:
Published: March 2019
A dissolution apparatus that uses a small volume of stationary medium (25 μL) has been developed for in vitro dissolution testing of respirable drug particles and used to evaluate the dissolution of two anti-tubercular drugs, moxifloxacin and ethionamide. Solubilities of moxifloxacin and ethionamide in phosphate buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.4) were 17.68 ± 0.85 mg mL and 0.46 ± 0.02 mg mL whereas in the presence of lung surfactant (0.4% w/v Curosurf in PBS) solubilities were 20.76 ± 0.35 mg mL and 0.56 ± 0.03 mg mL, respectively. A fine particle dose (∼50 µg) of aerodynamically separated moxifloxacin or ethionamide particles (<6.4 µm) was collected onto a glass coverslip using a modified Twin Stage Impinger. The dissolution behaviour of the fine particle dose was evaluated at various perfusate flow rates (0.2, 0.4 and 0.8 mL min of PBS), mucus simulant concentrations (1.0, 1.5 and 2.0% w/v polyethylene oxide in PBS), and in the presence of lung surfactant. The dissolution behaviour of the respirable size particles was observed under an optical microscope and the dissolved drug that diffused into the perfusate was quantified by HPLC. The moxifloxacin particles disappeared quickly and showed faster permeation (<30 min) compared to the ethionamide particles at all the dissolution conditions evaluated. This study demonstrated the differences in the dissolution rates of moxifloxacin and ethionamide particles and may be useful to estimate the residence time of the inhaled dry powder particles in the lungs.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.01.035 | DOI Listing |
Microorganisms
December 2024
Servicio de Microbiología, University Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, 18014 Granada, Spain.
The incidence of infections caused by the complex (MAC) has risen significantly, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This study analyzed 134 clinical isolates of the complex from southern Spain, performing in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing using a commercial microdilution technique to generate additional data, refine treatment strategies, and improve patient outcomes. Phenotypic susceptibility testing revealed clarithromycin and amikacin as the most effective antibiotics, with susceptibility rates exceeding 90%, while linezolid and moxifloxacin exhibited limited activity, with resistance rates of 49.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntimicrob Agents Chemother
February 2025
Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden.
This comparative study aimed at qualifying a broth microdilution (BMD) assay for phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (pDST) of complex (MTBC) strains for implementation in a routine DST workflow. The assay was developed based on the EUCAST (European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing) reference protocol for determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 14 anti-tuberculous drugs (isoniazid [INH], rifampicin [RIF], ethambutol [EMB], amikacin [AMI], moxifloxacin [MFX], levofloxacin [LFX], bedaquiline [BDQ], clofazimine [CFZ], delamanid [DLM], pretomanid [PA], para-aminosalicylic acid [PAS], linezolid [LZD], ethionamide [ETH], and cycloserine [CS]). Forty MTBC strains with various drug resistance profiles were tested to determine the agreement between MIC results and genotypic drug susceptibility testing (gDST) results derived from whole-genome sequencing (WGS).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFLancet Microbe
November 2024
National Center for Tuberculosis Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Shenzhen Third People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China. Electronic address:
Background: WHO issued the first edition catalogue of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) mutations associated with drug resistance in 2021. However, country-specific issues might lead to arising complex and additional drug-resistant mutations. We aimed to fully reflect the characteristics of drug resistance mutations in China.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Antimicrob Chemother
November 2024
Department of Clinical Pharmacology, ICMR-National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, No.1 Mayor Sathiyamoorthy Road, Chetpet, Chennai 600 031, Tamil Nadu, India.
Background: Drug-resistant tuberculosis (DR-TB) is one of the challenging forms of TB to treat, not only in adults but also in children and adolescents. Further, there is a void in the treatment strategy exclusively for children due to various reasons, including paucity of pharmacokinetic (PK) data on anti-TB drugs across the globe. In this context, the present study aimed at assessing the PK of some of the anti-TB drugs used in DR-TB treatment regimens.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAntibiotics (Basel)
June 2024
Croatian Veterinary Institute, Savska Cesta 143, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
subsp. is pathogenic mainly to birds, although cases of mycobacteriosis caused by these bacteria have also been reported in other animals and humans. Not much is known about the effects of this pathogen on otters.
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