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Caspofungin enhances the potency of rifampin against Gram-negative bacteria.
Front Microbiol
August 2024
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
Article Synopsis
- The study explores the use of Caspofungin acetate (CAS) as an antibiotic adjuvant to enhance the effectiveness of existing antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria (GNB), which are known for their resistance to treatments.
- CAS was identified from a large screening of FDA-approved drugs, showing the ability to boost the activity of rifampin and colistin against various GNB strains, even in multidrug-resistant cases.
- The research highlights that CAS works by disrupting the bacterial cell envelope and inhibiting biofilm formation, with PgaC identified as its target, suggesting a promising approach to tackle antimicrobial resistance.
Genome-wide screen reveals cellular functions that counteract rifampicin lethality in .
Microbiol Spectr
January 2024
Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Virology of the Ministry of Education/National Health Commission, School of Basic Medical Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Microbial Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
Rifamycins are a group of antibiotics with a wide antibacterial spectrum. Although the binding target of rifamycin has been well characterized, the mechanisms underlying the discrepant killing efficacy between gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria remain poorly understood. Using a high-throughput screen combined with targeted gene knockouts in the gram-negative model organism , we established that rifampicin efficacy is strongly dependent on several cellular pathways, including iron acquisition, DNA repair, aerobic respiration, and carbon metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe Properties of Linezolid, Rifampicin, and Vancomycin, as Well as the Mechanism of Action of Pentamidine, Determine Their Synergy against Gram-Negative Bacteria.
Int J Mol Sci
September 2023
Department of Clinical Laboratory, Key Laboratory of Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis and Translational Research of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
Combining pentamidine with Gram-positive-targeting antibiotics has been proven to be a promising strategy for treating infections from Gram-negative bacteria (GNB). However, which antibiotics pentamidine can and cannot synergize with and the reasons for the differences are unclear. This study aimed to identify the possible mechanisms for the differences in the synergy of pentamidine with rifampicin, linezolid, tetracycline, erythromycin, and vancomycin against GNB.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFamotidine Enhances Rifampicin Activity against Acinetobacter baumannii by Affecting OmpA.
J Bacteriol
August 2023
College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.
Article Synopsis
- New antibiotics are needed because some bacteria are becoming resistant to current ones, making them less effective.
- Famotidine, a drug that helps reduce stomach acid, can boost the power of a specific antibiotic called rifampicin against a tough bacteria called A. baumannii.
- In tests with insects and mice, famotidine helped more animals survive infections, suggesting it could be a promising new way to fight these hard-to-treat bacterial infections.
Counteracting antibiotic resistance enzymes and efflux pumps.
Curr Opin Microbiol
October 2023
Department of Chemistry, New York University, 100 Washington Square East, New York, NY 10003, USA. Electronic address:
Bacterial pathogens are constantly evolving new resistance mechanisms against antibiotics; hence, strategies to potentiate existing antibiotics or combat mechanisms of resistance using adjuvants are always in demand. Recently, inhibitors have been identified that counteract enzymatic modification of the drugs isoniazid and rifampin, which have implications in the study of multi-drug-resistant mycobacteria. A wealth of structural studies on efflux pumps from diverse bacteria has also fueled the design of new small-molecule and peptide-based agents to prevent the active transport of antibiotics.
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