Purpose Of Review: This review seeks to address knowledge gaps around the economic burden of diabetes in Africa. Africa is home to numerous endemic infections and also prevalent non-communicable diseases including diabetes. It is projected that the greatest increases in diabetes prevalence will occur in Africa. The importance of this review therefore lies in providing adequate knowledge on the economic challenges that diabetes poses to the continent and describe the way forward in tackling this epidemic.
Recent Findings: Diabetes contributes to a huge amount of the global health expenditure in the world. There is a dearth of information on the economic burden of diabetes in Africa with very limited number of studies in the area. Predictions do show that Africa has the greatest predicted increase in both the burden of diabetes and associated diabetic complications but yet contributes the lowest in the global annual healthcare expenses with regard to diabetes care. In 2017, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) estimated the total health expenditure due to diabetes at $3.3 billion. In Nigeria, the national annual direct costs of diabetes was estimated in the range of $1.071 billion to $1.639 billion per year while the estimated monthly direct medical costs per individual in Cameroon stands at $148. In Sudan, the direct cost of type 2 diabetes control was $175 per year which only included the cost of medications and ambulatory care. People with diabetes are likely to experience one or more chronic illness and a significant portion of the costs associated with these complications are attributed to the underlying diabetes. The growing epidemics of diabetes and associated diabetic complications worldwide poses catastrophic financial costs, especially in Africa where most of the expenses are paid by patients and families. The most common method used for the estimation of the economic burden of a public health problem like diabetes is the cost-of-illness approach. Cost-of-illness studies traditionally divide costs into three categories: direct, indirect, and intangible. The IDF estimated the total health expenditure due to diabetes at $3.3 billion worldwide in 2017. Most of the existing studies in Africa estimated only the direct costs. The medical direct cost of type 1 diabetes was higher than type 2. However, the estimations of costs of diabetes in many countries in Africa may be underestimated due to absence of data on the relative contribution of cost of diabetes complications.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11892-019-1124-7 | DOI Listing |
Drug Dev Res
February 2025
Graduate School, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou City, People's Republic of China.
Naringenin has the potential to regulate ferroptosis and mitigate renal damage in diabetic nephropathy (DN). However, it remains unclear whether the naringenin's effects in DN are linked to its ability to regulate ferroptosis. This study investigated the potential anti-ferroptosis properties of naringenin in high glucose (HG)-induced renal tubular epithelial cell models.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFOrv Hetil
January 2025
1 Semmelweis Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Városmajori Szív- és Érgyógyászati Klinika, Kísérletes Kardiológiai és Sebészeti Műtéttani Tanszék Budapest, Nagyvárad tér 4., 1089 Magyarország.
Purpose: Heart failure (HF) is a disease that leads to approximately 300,000 fatalities annually in Europe and 250,000 deaths each year in the United States. Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a significant risk factor for HF, and testing for N-terminal (NT)-pro hormone BNP (NT-proBNP) can aid in early detection of HF in T2DM patients. We therefore developed and validated the HFriskT2DM-HScore, an algorithm to predict the risk of HF in T2DM patients, so guiding NT-proBNP investigation in a primary care setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFDiabetes Ther
January 2025
Departamento de Endocrinología y Metabolismo, Unidad de Investigación en Enfermedades Metabolicas, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición, Salvador Zubirán, Mexico City, Mexico.
Introduction: Young adulthood is well documented as being a particularly challenging area of type 1 diabetes (T1D) healthcare. Many young adults with T1D (YAT1D) are distracted from effective disease self-management; T1D healthcare service engagement can be problematic and inconsistent, and high rates of unplanned healthcare contacts prevail. Video conferencing use can facilitate services to be flexible and responsive.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand)
January 2025
Biochemistry Department, College of Medicine, Tikrit University, Tikrit, Iraq.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often complicated by diabetes, impacting various biochemical and immunological markers. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between irisin, apelin-13, and immunological markers IL-1α and IL-1β in diabetic patients with CKD. This cross-sectional study was conducted from January to June 2023 in a tertiary care hospital in Tikrit City, Iraq.
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