The mRNA cap is a structure that protects mRNA from degradation and recruits processing and translation factors. A new mRNA capping enzyme has been identified, PCIF1/CAPAM, which methylates adenosine when it is the first transcribed nucleotide. This discovery is crucial for understanding the function of cap adenosine methylation.
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http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tibs.2019.01.002 | DOI Listing |
Genes (Basel)
January 2025
Division of Molecular Medicine, Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
A notion of the continuous production of amyloid-β (Aβ) via the proteolysis of Aβ-protein-precursor (AβPP) in Alzheimer's disease (AD)-affected neurons constitutes both a cornerstone and an article of faith in the Alzheimer's research field. The present Perspective challenges this assumption. It analyses the relevant empirical data and reaches an unexpected conclusion, namely that in AD-afflicted neurons, the production of AβPP-derived Aβ is either discontinued or severely suppressed, a concept that, if proven, would fundamentally change our understanding of the disease.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiochemistry
January 2025
Department of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru 560012, India.
Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4 (eIF4) is a group of factors that activates mRNA for translation and recruit 43S preinitiation complex (PIC) to the mRNA 5' end, forming the 48S PIC. The eIF4 factors include mRNA 5' cap-binding protein eIF4E, ATP-dependent RNA helicase eIF4A, and scaffold protein eIF4G, which anchors eIF4A and eIF4E. Another eIF4 factor, eIF4B, stimulates the RNA helicase activity of eIF4A and facilitates mRNA recruitment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Ther Methods Clin Dev
March 2025
Beijing Institute of Tropical Medicine, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Key Laboratory for Research on Prevention and Treatment of Tropical Diseases, Beijing, China.
In recent years, mRNA vaccines have emerged as a leading technology for preventing infectious diseases due to their rapid development and high immunogenicity. These vaccines encode viral antigens, which are translated into antigenic proteins within host cells, inducing both humoral and cellular immune responses. This review systematically examines the progress in mRNA vaccine research for major mosquito-borne viruses, including dengue virus, Zika virus, Japanese encephalitis virus, Chikungunya virus, yellow fever virus, Rift Valley fever virus, and Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Chem
January 2025
Institute of Biochemistry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Translation of mRNA into protein is a fundamental process and tightly controlled during development. Several mechanisms acting on the mRNA level regulate when and where an mRNA is expressed. To explore the effects of conditional and transient gene expression in a developing organism, it is vital to experimentally enable abrogation and restoration of translation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCommun Biol
January 2025
Department of Biological Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
Cells regulate gene expression through various RNA regulatory mechanisms, and this regulation often becomes less efficient with age, contributing to accelerated aging and various age-related diseases. Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), a well-characterized RNA surveillance mechanism, degrades aberrant mRNAs with premature termination codons (PTCs) to prevent the synthesis of truncated proteins. While the role of NMD in cancer and developmental and genetic diseases is well documented, its implications in human aging remain largely unexplored.
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